*raubōn

Reconstruction

Wiktionary reconstructs the infinitive *raubōn.^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *raubōną (“to rob”),^[2][1] which Köbler cites as *raubōn.^[2] Gamillscheg also writes West Germanic *raubōn.^[3]

Morphology

A weak verb of class II.^[4][5] EWA takes it for a verb formed from a noun, the Old High German roub;^[5] Kroonen reconstructs that noun as Proto-Germanic *rauba- "loot", derived from the strong verb *reufan- "to break, to tear".^[6]

Evidence

The verb is attested as Old English rēafian,^[7] Old Frisian rāvia,^[8] Old Saxon rōvon in the Heliand,^[4] and Old High German roubōn, recorded from the second quarter of the 9th century.^[5] EWA has early Middle Dutch roven from 1240.^[5] The verb Old Norse raufa means "to break a hole", and EWA holds that its sense "to rob" was taken over from Middle Low German.^[5] Gamillscheg derives Old French rober (“to rob, to plunder”) from West Germanic *raubōn.^[3] From the Old French verb he derives the 12th-century noun robe (“plunder, booty”).^[3]

Meanings

1. to rob, to plunder^[1][7]

Old Frisian also used the verb for "to distrain",^[8] Old English for "to lay waste" and "to carry off",^[7] and Old High German for "to lay waste" and "to violate".^[5]

Derivatives

• Wiktionary reconstructs Proto-Germanic *biraubōną (“to bereave, to take away”);^[9] EWA lists the prefixed verb as Old English berēafian, Old Frisian birāvia, Old Saxon birōvon and Old High German biroubōn.^[5]

Reflexes

• Old English: rēafian (“to rob, to plunder, to lay waste, to carry off”)^[7]
• Old Frisian: rāvia (“to rob, to distrain”)^[8]
• Old Saxon: rōvon (“to rob”)^[4]
• Old High German: roubōn (“to rob, to plunder, to lay waste”)^[5]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *raubōn
2. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. *raubōn
3. ^ a b c Gamillscheg, Ernst (1966–1969), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der französischen Sprache, 2nd, fully revised ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 820
4. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. rôvon*
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Lloyd, Albert L.; Springer, Otto; Lühr, Rosemarie, et al. (1988–), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; online ewa.saw-leipzig.de, p. s.v. roubôn
6. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 406
7. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. réafian 1
8. ^ a b c Hofmann, Dietrich; Popkema, Anne Tjerk (2008), Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. rāvia
9. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *biraubōną