English words first recorded in the 9th century

1. The verb meaning to regret is inherited from Middle English rewen, later ruen, inherited from Old English hrēowan (“to make sorry, grieve”), a strong verb, which merged with the weak verb…

1. The place of instruction is inherited from Middle English scole, inherited from Old English scōl (“institution for instruction”), borrowed from Latin schola (“leisure for learning; lecture…

It is inherited from Middle English sheten, inherited from Old English scēotan (“to dart forth, go swiftly; to discharge a missile”), a strong verb, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną, which is also the…

It is inherited from Middle English short (also schort), inherited from Old English sceort (“of little length; not tall; brief”), from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English schot, inherited from Old English scot (“a shot, a shooting; what is discharged in shooting”) (also sceot, gesceot), from Proto-Germanic *skutą, from the Germanic…

It is inherited from Middle English shrinken, also schrinken, inherited from Old English scrincan (“to contract, shrivel, wither”), a strong verb with the past tense scranc and the past participle…

It is inherited from Middle English sik, sek, inherited from Old English sēoc (“ill, diseased, weak; corrupt; troubled”), from Proto-Germanic *seukaz, the general Germanic word, which is of…

It is inherited from Middle English slou, slowe, inherited from Old English slāw (“sluggish, inactive; dull, not quick-witted”), from Proto-Germanic *slæwaz, of unknown origin. It is cognate with…

The verb is inherited from Middle English smerten, inherited from Old English smeortan (“to be painful”), from Proto-Germanic *smertanan, the source also of Middle Dutch smerten, Dutch smarten and…

It is inherited from Old English sār (“painful, grievous, aching”) (before 899, in Alfred's Pastoral Care), from *sairaz, cognate with Old Saxon sēr, Dutch zeer, Old High German sēr (German sehr…

It is inherited from Middle English stede, inherited from Old English stede (“place, position; standing still”), from Proto-Germanic *stadiz (“place”), the source also of Old Saxon stedi, Old…

The verb is inherited from Middle English steppen, inherited from Old English steppan, West Saxon stæppan, “to take a step, move the feet as in walking”, from Proto-West Germanic *stapjan (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English stiche, inherited from Old English stice (“a prick, puncture, stab”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *stikiz, formed from the base *stik- (“to pierce, prick”), the…

It is inherited from Middle English strengthe, inherited from Old English strengþu (“strength, bodily power, vigour, firmness”), formed from strang (“strong”) and the noun suffix -th, from…

1. To sip is inherited from Middle English soupen, later suppen, inherited from Old English sūpan (“to sip, swallow”), also Northumbrian suppan and sūpian, from Proto-Germanic *sūpaną. It is related…

The verb is Middle English sweten, inherited from Old English swǣtan (“to perspire; to toil”), from the noun swāt (“perspiration; toil; blood”), from Proto-Germanic *swaitaz, source also of Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English table, in part borrowed from Old French table (“board, panel; writing table; food”) and in part inherited from Old English tabele, earlier tabule, both from Latin…

1. The verb is inherited from Middle English tellen, inherited from Old English tellan (“to reckon, count; to relate”) (past tense tealde), from Proto-Germanic *taljaną, a verb formed from the noun…

The noun is inherited from Middle English thirst, earlier thurst, inherited from Old English þurst, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þurstu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurstuz, formed with a…

It is inherited from Middle English time, inherited from Old English tīma (“time, period, space of time”), from Proto-Germanic *tīmô. Its cognates are Old Norse tími (“time, proper time…

It is inherited from Old English tin (“tin”), from Proto-Germanic *tinam, source also of Dutch tin, German Zinn and Old Norse tin, of unknown origin; it is not found outside Germanic, Irish tinne…

It is inherited from Middle English to dai, inherited from Old English tōdæġe (“on this day”), from tō (“at, on”) and dæġe, the dative of dæġ (“day”), that is, to and day. It was usually written as…

It is inherited from Middle English touward, inherited from Old English tōweard (“in the direction of”), the prepositional use of the adjective tōweard “coming, approaching, future”, a compound from…

It is inherited from Middle English tusk, also tosk, by metathesis inherited from Old English tux, the common variant of the rarer tusc, which gave tush. It is cognate with Old Frisian tusk, also…

It is inherited from Middle English twies, from late inherited from Old English twiges, a variant of twiga (“two times”), twigea, with the adverbial genitive ending -es. It goes back to…

It is inherited from Middle English wandren, also wanderen, inherited from Old English wandrian (“to wander, roam; to change; to stray”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wandarōn, a…

It is inherited from Middle English water, inherited from Old English wæter, from Proto-Germanic *watar. Its cognates are Old Frisian weter, Old Saxon watar, Dutch water, Old High German wazzar…

It is inherited from Middle English weren, inherited from Old English werian (“to clothe, put on, cover”), from Proto-Germanic *wazjaną, the source also of Old Saxon and Old High German werien, Old…

1. The verb meaning to make cloth is inherited from Middle English weven, inherited from Old English wefan (“to weave; to devise, contrive”), from Proto-Germanic *webaną, from Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Middle English wepen, earlier weopen, inherited from Old English wēpan (“to shed tears, cry; to bewail, mourn”), with past tense wēop and past participle wōpen, from…

It is inherited from Middle English which, earlier hwich and whilch, inherited from Old English hwilc (West Saxon), with Anglian hwælc and Northumbrian hualc, a word meaning literally "of what…

It is inherited from Middle English whit, inherited from Old English hwīt (“bright, radiant; clear, fair”), from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz. Its cognates are Old Frisian hwīt, Old Saxon hwīt, Dutch wit…

It is inherited from Middle English whi, inherited from Old English hwȳ, also hwī, the instrumental case of hwæt (“what”), showing for what purpose or by what means, used as an adverb, from…

It is inherited from Middle English wisshen, inherited from Old English wȳscan (“to feel intense longing, cherish a desire”), from Proto-Germanic *wunsk-, from Proto-Indo-European *wen- (“to desire…

It is inherited from Middle English withstonden, also withstanden, inherited from Old English wiþstandan (“to resist, oppose”), formed from wiþ (“against”) and standan (“to stand”); see with and…

It is inherited from Middle English werste, worste, inherited from Old English wyrresta, wierresta, from Proto-Germanic *wirsistaz, a superlative formed with the suffix of -est on the root of worse…

It is inherited from Middle English yernen, inherited from Old English giernan, in Mercian geornan, from Proto-Germanic *girnijaną (“to desire, want”), itself derived from *gernaz (“eager…

It is inherited from Middle English yes or yis, inherited from Old English gēse or gīse (“so be it!”), probably a compound, from Old English gēa (“so, yea”) + sīe (“may it be”), the second part…

It is inherited from Middle English yol, also yole, inherited from Old English ġēol, earlier geohhol, also ġēola, Christmas Day or, in the plural, Christmastide. The Old English word corresponds to…

It is inherited from Middle English belle, inherited from Old English belle, with cognates in Middle Dutch and Middle Low German belle but not elsewhere in Germanic except as borrowings. It is…

It is inherited from Middle English bere, inherited from Old English bǣr (West Saxon), Anglian bēr, inherited from Proto-Germanic *bērō, from the stem of beran (“to carry”), the source of bear. It…

It is inherited from Middle English bleden, inherited from Old English blēdan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *blōdijaną (“to bleed, emit blood”), a verb formed from the Germanic noun *blōþą…

It is inherited from Middle English brewen, inherited from Old English brēowan, a strong verb with the past tense brēaw and the past participle browen, inherited from Proto-Germanic *brewwaną (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English crisp, also crips, inherited from Old English crisp (“curly”), also cyrps, borrowed from Latin crispus (“curled, wrinkled”). Barnhart and MW give as cognates…

It is inherited from Middle English dedli, earlier deedlich, inherited from Old English dēadlīc (“mortal, subject to death; causing death”), formed from Old English dēad + -līc. The Old English…

It is inherited from Middle English demen, inherited from Old English dēman (“to judge, condemn, think, consider”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną, a verb derived from *dōmaz (“judgement”)…

It is inherited from Middle English disciple, earlier deciple, inherited from Old English discipul, borrowed from Latin discipulus (“pupil, learner; follower”), a word borrowed in Old English for…

It is inherited from Middle English drawen, earlier dragen, inherited from Old English dragan (“to drag, draw, protract”), from Proto-Germanic *draganan “to draw, pull”, the source also of Old Norse…

It is inherited from Middle English either (also aither), inherited from Old English ǣgþer (“each of two, both”), a contraction of ǣghwæþer, formed from ā (“always”), the collective prefix ge- and…

It is inherited from Middle English elleovene, enleven, inherited from Old English endleofan, literally one left over ten, from Proto-Germanic *ainlif-, a compound of *ainaz, one, and *lif-, from…

1. The adjective is inherited from Middle English feier, fair, inherited from Old English fæger (“beautiful, pleasant”), from Proto-Germanic *fagraz, the source also of Old Saxon and Old High German…

It is inherited from Middle English fallen, inherited from Old English feallan (“to drop from a height; to fail, decay, die”), past tense feoll, from Proto-Germanic *fallaną. Its cognates include…

1. The adjective is inherited from Middle English fast, inherited from Old English fæst (“firmly fixed, steadfast; secure, strong”), from Proto-Germanic *fastuz. Its cognates include Old Frisian…

It is inherited from Middle English fastnen, also festnen, inherited from Old English fæstnian (“to make fast, fix, secure; to ratify, betroth”), from Proto-West Germanic *fastinōjan, from…

It is inherited from Middle English fat, fatt, inherited from Old English fǣtt (“fat, fatted, plump”), originally the contracted past participle of fǣtan (“to cram, stuff”), fǣttian, from…

It is inherited from Middle English felen, inherited from Old English fēlan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan. Old English also had the prefixed gefēlan, which is more frequent than the…

It is inherited from Middle English fighten, inherited from Old English feohtan (“to combat, contend with weapons, strive”), from Proto-West Germanic *fehtan, Proto-Germanic *fehtaną. Its cognates…

It is inherited from Middle English fust, inherited from Old English fȳst (“fist, clenched hand”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūsti, from Proto-Germanic *funhstiz, cognate with Old Frisian fest, Old…

1. The act of flying is inherited from Middle English fliht, inherited from Old English flyht (“a flying, power of flying”), from Proto-Germanic *flukhtiz, from the weak grade of the source of…

It is inherited from Middle English foryeven, forgiven, inherited from Old English forgiefan (“to give, grant; to pardon”), from for- (“completely”) and giefan (“to give”) (see give). It corresponds…