English words first recorded in the 9th century

It is inherited from Middle English above (also aboven), inherited from Old English abufan, reduced from earlier onbufan (“above, in or to a higher place”), formed from on (“on”) and bufan (“over”)…

1. The bird is inherited from Old English cocc (“male bird”), of imitative origin, like Old Norse kokkr, Old French coc and Sanskrit कुक्कुट (kukkuṭa, “cock”); Hoad derives the Old English word from…

It is inherited from Middle English cuggel, inherited from Old English cycgel (“a strong stick, cudgel”). The word's further origin is unknown according to the OED, the Shorter Oxford, Hoad and the…

It is inherited from Middle English empti, emti, inherited from Old English ǣmtiġ, ǣmettig, formed from ǣmetta (“leisure, rest”) and the suffix -ig, the source of -y. Ǣmetta is perhaps from ǣ- “not…

1. It is inherited from Middle English kene, inherited from Old English cēne (“bold, brave; clever, wise”), from Proto-Germanic *kōnjaz, cognate with Old Norse kœnn, skilful, wise, Middle Dutch…

1. It is inherited from Middle English lappe, inherited from Old English læppa (“skirt or flap of a garment; lobe”), from Proto-Germanic *lapp-, source also of Old Saxon lappo, Dutch lap, German…

It is inherited from Middle English laughen, lahhen, inherited from Old English hlæhhan (Anglian), earlier hliehhan, hlihhan “to laugh, laugh at; rejoice; deride”, from Proto-Germanic *klakhjan, the…

It is Middle English, inherited from Old English hleahtor (“laughter, jubilation, derision”), from Proto-Germanic *hlahtraz, source also of Old Norse hlátr, Danish latter and German Gelächter, from…

It is inherited from Middle English merren, marren, inherited from Old English merran (“to hinder; waste, spoil”) (West Saxon mierran), from Proto-Germanic *marzijaną, source also of Old Saxon…

1. It is inherited from Middle English mele, inherited from Old English mǣl (“appointed time, mealtime, meal”), from Proto-Germanic *mēla-, the source also of Dutch maal “time; meal”, German Mal…

It is inherited from Middle English nose, inherited from Old English nosu, from Proto-Germanic *nusō, also the source of Old Frisian nose and Dutch neus, and probably related to a parallel Old…

It is inherited from Middle English ore, also or and oor, inherited from Old English ār, from Proto-Germanic *airō, the source also of Old Norse ár, Swedish åra and Danish åre. Finnish airo and…

It is inherited from Old English pyle, pylu, cushion, pillow (before 899, in Alfred's Orosius), which comes from Proto-West Germanic *pulwī, an early borrowing of Latin pulvīnus (“cushion, pillow”)…

1. The water is inherited from Middle English pol, pole, inherited from Old English pōl (“small body of water; deep, still place in a stream”), from Proto-West Germanic *pōl, the source also of Old…

It is inherited from Middle English rime, inherited from Old English rima (“edge, border, coast”), found mainly in compounds such as sǣrima (“seashore”) and dæġrima (“dawn”); it is related to Old…

It is inherited from Old English þǣr æfter, from þǣr, there, and æfter, after; compare Dutch daarachter and Swedish därefter.

It is inherited from Middle English therbi, inherited from Old English þǣrbī (“thus, by means of that”), from there and by, with similar formations in Old Frisian therbi, German dabei and Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English to morwe, earlier to morwen, inherited from Old English tō morgenne (“on the morrow”), from Old English tō (“at, on”) + morgenne (“in the morning”), the dative of…

It is inherited from Middle English tour, tur, inherited from Old English torr, reinforced by Old French tur and tour, all from Latin turris (“tower, citadel”), which, like Greek týrris, týrsis, was…

It is inherited from Middle English whos, inherited from Old English hwæs, the genitive of hwā (“who”) and hwæt (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kwo-, the stem of relative and interrogative…

The verb is inherited from Middle English aken, inherited from Old English acan (“to ache, be in pain”), a strong verb whose past tense was ōc, from Proto-Germanic *akaną. It is cognate with Middle…

It is inherited from Middle English among (also amang), inherited from Old English onmang, contracted from ongemang, originally the phrase on gemang (“in a crowd”), from on (“in”) and gemang…

It is inherited from Middle English ant, a shortening of ampte (late 14th century) and earlier amete, inherited from Old English ǣmete (“ant”), from Proto-West Germanic *āmaitjā, cognate with Old…

It is inherited from Middle English antem, inherited from Old English antefn, also ontemn, borrowed from Late Latin antefana, an alteration, influenced by ante (“before”), of antiphōna (“antiphon”)…

1. The dog's bark is inherited from Middle English berken, inherited from Old English beorcan (“to bark”), from Proto-Germanic *berkaną, of echoic origin, cognate with Old Norse berkja (“to bark; to…

It is inherited from Middle English bathen, also baðien, inherited from Old English baþian (“to wash, bathe”), also beþian, from Proto-Germanic *baþōną, a verb formed from the noun that gave bath…

It is inherited from Middle English blechen, inherited from Old English blǣcan (“to bleach, whiten, fade”), a causative verb made from the root of blāc (“shining, white, pale”). It goes back to…

1. The verb meaning “to cling” is inherited from Middle English clevien, inherited from Old English cleofian (“to stick fast, adhere”), also clifian, from Proto-West Germanic *klibōjan. Its cognates…

It is inherited from Middle English crepen, inherited from Old English crēopan (“to move with the body close to the ground”), from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną, cognate with Old Frisian kriāpa, Middle…

It is inherited from Middle English deken, also dekne and diacne, inherited from Old English dīacon, also dēacon, borrowed from Late Latin diāconus, from Ancient Greek διάκονος (diákonos, “servant…

It is inherited from Middle English der, inherited from Old English dēor (“wild animal, beast”), from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, the general Germanic word for an animal, source also of Dutch dier…

It is inherited from Middle English ester, also estre and esterne, inherited from Old English ēastre, mostly used in the plural ēastron, inherited from Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ, from the base of east…

It is inherited from Middle English flax, also flex, inherited from Old English fleax, also flæx, from Proto-Germanic *flahsą. It is cognate with Old Frisian flax, Old Saxon flas, Middle Dutch vlas…

1. It is inherited from Middle English folden, inherited from Old English fealdan (“to fold, wrap up”) (Mercian faldan), from Proto-Germanic *falþan, source also of Dutch vouwen, Old Norse falda…

1. The adjective is inherited from Middle English ful, inherited from Old English full, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, earlier *fulnaz. Its Germanic cognates are Old Frisian full, Old Saxon full…

1. It is inherited from Old English gor (“dung, dirt, filth”), from Proto-Germanic *gurą. Its cognates are goor (“filth, mud”) and modern goor (“dingy, foul”), gor (“animal dung”) and gor (“cud…

It is inherited from Middle English grete, also gret and greet, inherited from Old English grēat (“coarse; thick, stout, big”), from Proto-Germanic *grautaz. It is cognate with Old Frisian grāt…

The verb is inherited from Middle English haten, inherited from Old English hatian (“to regard with extreme ill will; to treat as an enemy”), from Proto-Germanic *hatōną. Its cognates include Old…

1. It is inherited from Middle English hiden, inherited from Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal”), from Proto-West Germanic *hūdijan, also the source of Old Frisian hēda and Middle Dutch and…

It is inherited from Middle English innynge (“a getting in”), inherited from Old English innung (“a putting in, a taking in”), a verbal noun formed on innian (“to put or bring in, to lodge”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English lewed, also leued and lewde, inherited from Old English lǣwede (“lay, not of the clergy; unlearned”). Its further origin is uncertain: Hoad, the Oxford Dictionary…

It is inherited from Middle English lothen, also lathen and early laðien, inherited from Old English lāþian (“to be hateful, displeasing”), from the adjective lāþ (“hateful, hostile”), the source of…

It is inherited from Middle English loken, earlier locon, inherited from Old English lōcian (“to see, gaze, look, spy”), from Proto-West Germanic *lōkōjan, cognate with Old Saxon lōkon (“to see…

Old English had los (“ruin, destruction”), from Proto-Germanic *lausa-, from Proto-Indo-European *leu- (“to loosen, divide, cut apart”). But this scarcely survived into Middle English, and the…

It is inherited from Middle English murie (later mirie, mery), inherited from Old English myriġe (“pleasing, agreeable”), from Proto-Germanic *murgijaz, cognate with Old High German murg (“short”)…

1. It is Old English borrowed from Latin mēter, from Latin metrum, from Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure, a verse”), from PIE Proto-Indo-European *me- (“to measure”). After a gap of about 300 years in…

It is inherited from Middle English munk, inherited from Old English munuc, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *monicus, taken early into Germanic as Proto-Germanic *muniko-, the source also of Old Frisian…

1. The hub of a wheel is inherited from Middle English nave, also nafe, inherited from Old English nafu, also nafa, from Proto-Germanic *nabō. It is cognate with Old Saxon naba, Old Norse nǫf…

It is inherited from Middle English nekke, inherited from Old English hnecca (“neck, nape, back of the neck”), from Proto-Germanic *hnekk- (“nape of the neck”), the source also of Old Frisian…

It is inherited from Middle English neighebor, inherited from Old English nēahġebūr (“one who dwells nearby”) (West Saxon) and nēhebūr (Anglian), a compound of nēah, near (see nigh), and ġebūr…

It is inherited from Middle English neither, earlier naither and nauther, inherited from Old English nāwþer, a contraction of nāhwæþer (“not of two”), from nā (“no”) and hwæþer (“which of two”), the…

1. The religious woman is inherited from Middle English nunne, later nonne, inherited from Old English nunne, borrowed from Late Latin nonna (“nun, tutor”), the feminine of nonnus (“monk”). The…

It is inherited from Middle English orchard, also orcherd and ortyerd, inherited from Old English orceard (“fruit garden”), an alteration of earlier ortgeard (“orchard, garden”). The second element…

It is inherited from Middle English other, inherited from Old English ōþer (“second; the other of two”), from Proto-Germanic *anþeraz. It is cognate with Old Frisian ōther, Old Saxon ōðar and āthar…

1. The harbour is inherited from Middle English port, inherited from Old English port (“harbour, haven; town”), and in Middle English it was reinforced, borrowed from Old French port (“harbour…

It is inherited from Middle English reden (“to counsel; to read”), inherited from Old English rǣdan (“to advise, counsel; to explain; to read”) (Anglian rēdan), from Proto-Germanic *rǣðan. Its…

It is inherited from Middle English ripe, inherited from Old English rīpe (“ready for reaping, mature”), from Proto-Germanic *rīpijaz, a West Germanic adjective. It is cognate with Old Saxon rīpi…

It is inherited from Old English rōse, borrowed from Latin rosa, reinforced in Middle English by rose, which fixed the spelling. Latin rosa is probably from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) through…

The verb is inherited from Middle English roten, inherited from Old English rotian (“to rot, putrefy”), also gerotian, from Proto-Germanic *rutāną, which Etymonline and Ayto give as *rutjan. It is…

1. The verb meaning to regret is inherited from Middle English rewen, later ruen, inherited from Old English hrēowan (“to make sorry, grieve”), a strong verb, which merged with the weak verb…