English words first recorded in the 14th century

It is inherited from Middle English respiracioun, borrowed from Middle French respiration, also respiracion, and directly borrowed from Latin respīrātiō (“recovery of breath, breathing”). Barnhart…

1. The fastening is inherited from Middle English rivette, also revette and ryvette, borrowed from Old French rivet (“short pin or bolt”), recorded in French from 1260 and in Anglo-Norman from the…

It is inherited from Middle English saggen, of uncertain origin. The OED, the Shorter Oxford and the Oxford Dictionary of English connect it with borrowed from Middle Low German sacken (“to settle…

It is inherited from Middle English sensitif, borrowed from Middle French sensitif and directly from Medieval Latin sensitīvus (“capable of sensation”), formed irregularly from Latin sentiō “to…

It is borrowed from Old French sirop, also taken from siropus or sirupus, and ultimately from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “a drink, beverage, wine, syrup”), from شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”). Barnhart…

It is inherited from Middle English testicule, borrowed from Latin testiculus (“testicle”), a diminutive of testis (“testicle”). The present spelling, with -cle, is a 15th-century alteration of…

It is inherited from Middle English triangle, borrowed from Old French triangle and directly Latin triangulum (“triangle”), the noun use of the neuter of triangulus (“three-cornered”), from tri-…

It is borrowed from Latin vīrus (“poison, sap of plants, slimy liquid”), from Proto-Italic *weis-o-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *ueis- (“to melt away, flow”), used of foul fluids, the source…

It is inherited from Middle English afflighten, borrowed from Latin afflīgō (“to dash or knock down, ruin, distress”), through its past participle afflīctus. Merriam-Webster and the American…

1. The suffix for adjectives is inherited from Middle English -al, also -el, borrowed from Anglo-Norman -al and Old French -al, and directly borrowed from Latin -ālis, neuter -āle, an adjective…

It is inherited from Middle English appropriacioun, borrowed from Late Latin appropriātiō (“a making one's own”), the noun of action of appropriō (“to make one's own”), formed from ad- (“to”) and…

It is inherited from Middle English arsenik, also arsnek and arsenicum, borrowed from Anglo-Norman arsenik, also arcenik, and Middle French arcenic, and directly borrowed from Latin arsenicon, also…

It is inherited from Middle English assignement, borrowed from Old French assignement (“legal assignment of dower”), from Medieval Latin assignamentum, from assignāre (“to allot, assign”) (see…

It is borrowed from Old French attempter, a latinized form of atenter “to try, attempt, test” (modern attenter), or directly borrowed from Latin attemptō (“to try; to tamper with; to attack”), from…

It is borrowed from Old French atendant, also attendant, the present participle of atendre (“to expect, wait for, pay attention”), from Latin attendō (“to heed”), from ad- (“to”) and tendō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English auctorisen, also autorisen, borrowed from Old French autoriser, also auctoriser, and directly borrowed from Medieval Latin auctōrizō, from Latin auctor…

It is Middle English, apparently short for baban (probably before 1200, in the Ancrene Riwle), of uncertain origin, probably imitative of baby talk (see babble). Etymonline notes that in many…

It is inherited from Middle English balade, borrowed from Middle French balade (“song for dancing”), in Old French ballade or balade, from Old Occitan balada (“dance, song for dancing”), formed from…

It is inherited from Middle English bedside, also beddes side, from the genitive of bed and side, originally in prepositional phrases such as “at one's bed's side”. According to the OED, the…

It is formed from English bitter + sweet, and is first recorded in Middle English as bitterswete, in Gower, also biterswete. The name of the woody nightshade follows New Latin amara dulcis, recorded…

It is borrowed from French calculation, and also directly from Late Latin calculātiō (“a reckoning, computation”), a noun of action from calculō (“to reckon, compute”), from calculus (“a reckoning…

It is inherited from Middle English circumference, borrowed from Old French circonference or directly borrowed from Latin circumferentia; Barnhart takes it from Latin, possibly under the influence…

It is inherited from Middle English client, borrowed from Anglo-Norman clyent (1306), and directly borrowed from Latin cliēns (“follower, retainer, dependant”). The Latin word is usually explained…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman contempt (“open disrespect towards authority; scorn”) and its source Latin contemptus (“a despising, scorn”), formed on the past participial stem of contemnō (“to…

It is formed from English cook + -ery, from the verb or the noun, first as inherited from Middle English cokerie, from coken (“to cook”) with the suffix seen in breuerie, brewery. Cook is from Old…

It is inherited from Middle English creacioun, borrowed from Old French creacion (“creation, a coming into being”) (14th century, modern création), from Latin creātiō (“a creating, producing; in…

It is partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman credible and partly borrowed from Latin crēdibilis (“believable, worthy of belief”), which the American Heritage Dictionary, Barnhart and Merriam-Webster give…

It is inherited from Middle English deliberacioun, also deliberacion, borrowed from Middle French deliberation, also deliberacion, and directly borrowed from Latin dēlīberātiō (“careful…

It is inherited from Middle English delicacie, formed from English delicate + -acy. The adjective delicate is from Latin delicatus (“alluring, delightful, dainty; given to pleasure”), which is…

It is inherited from Middle English disclosen (also desclosen), borrowed from Anglo-Norman disclos- and Middle French desclos-, the stem of desclore (“to open, unlock, reveal”) (modern French…

It is inherited from Middle English discordaunt, borrowed from Anglo-Norman descordaunt, also discordaunt, and Old French descordant, the present participle of descorder, from which discord the verb…

It is inherited from Middle English dispersen, borrowed from Middle French disperser (“to scatter”), and partly directly borrowed from Latin dispersus (“scattered”), the past participle of dispergō…

It is inherited from Middle English distillacioun, borrowed from Latin distillātiō, also dēstillātiō (“catarrh; in Late Latin, a dripping down”). Etymonline names Medieval Latin as the immediate…

It is inherited from Middle English distraught, also distraght, destrauht and distraut, a modification of the earlier adjective distract (“perplexed, confused”), recorded from about 1340, the past…

It is inherited from Middle English effeminat, borrowed from Latin effēminātus (“womanish, unmanly”), the past participle of effēminō (“to make a woman of, unman, enervate”), formed from ex- and…

It is inherited from Middle English eloquent, borrowed from Old French eloquent, from Latin ēloquēns (“speaking out; eloquent”), the present participle of ēloquor (“to speak out”), formed from ē-…

It is inherited from Middle English embrouderie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman enbrouderie, a derivative of enbrouder (“to embroider”). The Anglo-Norman verb is formed from en- (“in”) and Old French…

It is Middle English, borrowed from Middle French excessif (“excessive, oppressive”), from Medieval Latin excessivus, from Latin excess-, the past participle stem of excēdere (“to depart, go…

It is inherited from Middle English filial, borrowed from Late Latin fīliālis (“of a son or daughter”), which the OED only compares with French. Several dictionaries bring it also or instead through…

It is formed from English final + -ly, written fynaly in the late 14th century. The Shorter Oxford sees the model of Old French finalement and Late Latin finaliter; the OED only compares them…

It is inherited from Middle English fixacioun, borrowed from Medieval Latin fīxātiō (“reduction to a fixed state”), an alchemists' word, a noun of action from fīxō (“to fix”), a frequentative of…

It is inherited from Middle English gaspen, also gaispen, probably borrowed from Old Norse geispa (“to yawn, gape”). The OED takes it from early Scandinavian, comparing Norwegian Nynorsk geispa (“to…

It is borrowed from Latin genius (“guardian spirit watching over each person from birth; inclination; wit, talent”), originally “generative power” or “inborn nature”, from the root of gignō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English habitable, also abitable, borrowed from Old French habitable, also abitable, and directly borrowed from Latin habitābilis (“fit to live in”), from habitō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English heraldie (“heralds collectively; the office of herald”), borrowed from Old French hiraudie (“heralds collectively”), from hiraut (“herald”). The spelling with…

It is inherited from Middle English laborious, also laboriose, borrowed from Anglo-Norman laborious and Middle French laborieux, and directly borrowed from Latin labōriōsus (“toilsome, wearisome…

It is inherited from Middle English matrone, also matroun, borrowed from Old French matrone and Anglo-Norman matrone, and directly borrowed from Latin mātrōna (“married woman, wife”). The Old French…

It is partly borrowed from Middle French mécanique (an adjective, "using tools and the hands", and a noun, "artisan", both from the 13th century in Old French) and partly borrowed from Latin…

It is Middle English, borrowed from Old French mineral and directly from minerāle, something mined, the noun use of the neuter of minerālis, pertaining to mines, from minera, a mine, ore, from Old…

1. The fish is inherited from Middle English molet, borrowed from Old French mulet and directly Medieval Latin mulettus, a diminutive from Latin mullus (“red mullet”), from Ancient Greek μύλλος…

It is inherited from Middle English obstinacie, borrowed from Medieval Latin obstinātia, also obstinācia, recorded from the 7th century and frequent in British sources from the 12th. It is formed on…

It is formed from Middle English often + tīmes, the plural of time, after the older ofttimes. Merriam-Webster takes it as an alteration of ofttime and ofttimes, and Etymonline describes the final -s…

It is inherited from Middle English ordnaunce, a shortened variant of ordinaunce, borrowed from Old French ordenance, from Medieval Latin ōrdinantia, from ōrdināns, the present participle of ōrdinō…

It is inherited from Middle English papal, borrowed from Middle French papal and directly borrowed from Medieval Latin pāpālis (“belonging to the pope”), formed from Late Latin pāpa (“pope”) with…

It is inherited from Middle English parochiel, also parochial, borrowed from Anglo-Norman parochiel and Old French parochial, and partly directly borrowed from Late Latin parochiālis (“of a…

It was first inherited from Middle English periferie, borrowed from Medieval Latin periferia. The 16th-century word is borrowed from Middle French peripherie (recorded from 1544) and its source…

It is inherited from Middle English perjurie, also parjurie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman parjurie, also perjurie, and directly borrowed from Latin periūrium (“a false oath, oath-breaking”)…

It is inherited from Middle English plaintif, also pleintif, borrowed from Anglo-Norman pleintif, and Middle French plaintif, feminine plaintive, from Old French plainte (“lament, complaint”) and…

1. The word for a fold or layer comes from French. The verb is inherited from Middle English plien (“to bend, fold”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman plier, also pleier and ploier, and Middle French…

It is inherited from Middle English proclamen, also proclaimen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman proclamer and Middle French proclamer, and directly borrowed from Latin prōclāmō (“to cry out, call out”)…