English words first recorded in the 14th century

It is borrowed from Latin Pȳthōn, from Ancient Greek Πύθων (Pū́thōn), the name of the serpent that Apollo killed near Delphi. The Greek name is evidently related to Πυθώ (Puthṓ), the old name of…

It is borrowed from Latin raptus (“seized, carried off”), the past participle of rapiō (“to seize, carry off”), used in post-classical Latin in British sources from the 12th century for someone rapt…

It is inherited from Middle English recepcion, borrowed from Old French reception and directly receptio (“a receiving”), from recipere (“to take back, receive”) (see receive).

It is inherited from Middle English reconciliacioun, also reconsiliacioun, borrowed from Old French reconciliacion and directly from Latin reconciliātiō (“a re-establishing, a reconciling”), the…

It is inherited from Middle English recreacioun, borrowed from Old French recreacion and directly from Latin recreātiō, recreātiōnem, recovery from illness, from recreō, to refresh, restore, revive…

It is inherited from Middle English regiment, borrowed from Old French regiment (“government, rule”), from Late Latin regimentum (“rule, direction”), from Latin regō (“to rule, direct, keep…

It is inherited from Middle English saunctite, also sauntite, borrowed from Old French sainteté, also saincteté and saintité, partly reinforced by or directly from Latin sānctitās (“holiness…

It is borrowed from Latin sculptūra (“sculpture”), from the past participle stem of sculpō (“to carve, engrave”), a back-formation from compounds such as exsculpō, from scalpō (“to carve, cut…

It is inherited from Middle English shruggen, also schruggen, shrukken and shrokken, of unknown origin. Etymonline, Klein, Partridge and Skeat compare Danish skrugge (“to stoop, crouch”) and the…

It is inherited from Middle English specious, also speciouse, borrowed from Anglo-Norman specious and Middle French specieux, and directly borrowed from Latin speciōsus (“beautiful, showy…

The verb is inherited from Middle English sterchen, probably from an unrecorded inherited from Old English *stercan (“to make rigid”), West Saxon *stiercan, whose past participle is apparently…

It is inherited from Middle English submissioun, borrowed from Old French submission and directly from Latin submissiō, submissiōnem, a letting down, lowering, yielding, from submissus, past…

It is inherited from Middle English sonne set, from sun and set, perhaps a shortening of sun-setting, or taken from a subjunctive clause such as before the sun set. Old English had sunnansetlgang…

It is inherited from Middle English superiour, borrowed from Old French superior, superiour, from Latin superior (“higher”), the comparative of superus “situated above, upper”, from super “above”…

It is inherited from Middle English textuel, partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman textual (“corresponding exactly to a text”), also textuel, partly borrowed from Medieval Latin textuālis (“relating to…

It is formed from English un- + answer + -ed, or in the analysis of Merriam-Webster and the MED from un- and answēred, the past participle of answēren (“to answer”). The Middle English form…

It is inherited from Middle English houpen, also whopen, probably borrowed from Anglo-Norman houper and Middle French houper, also huper, to shout out loudly, recorded in Old French from the 13th…

It is inherited from Middle English zodiak, borrowed from Old French zodiaque and directly borrowed from Latin zōdiacus, from Ancient Greek ζῳδιακός (zōidiakós, “of the figures”), short for ζῳδιακὸς…

It is inherited from Middle English artik, borrowed from Old French artique and directly from Medieval Latin articus, from Latin arcticus, from Greek ἀρκτικός (arktikós, “of the north”), literally…

It is inherited from Middle English depressioun, from Old French depression (14th century) and directly from Medieval Latin dēpressiō, a noun of action from the past participle stem of Latin dēprimō…

It is borrowed from Old French distant or directly borrowed from Latin distans (“standing apart”), the present participle of distāre (“to stand apart, be remote”), from dis- (“apart”) and stāre (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English ecliptik, borrowed from Medieval Latin eclīptica, short for līnea eclīptica (“the ecliptic line”), the feminine of Latin eclīpticus (“of an eclipse”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English equator, borrowed from Medieval Latin aequātor (“one who makes equal, equalizer”), short for circulus aequator diei et noctis (“the circle that makes day and…

It is borrowed from Old French equinoxe, with the Old French variant equinoce of the 12th century, and directly borrowed from Medieval Latin equinoxium (“equality of night and day”), the medieval…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman fraccioun, Old French fraccion, a breaking, from Late Latin frāctiō, a breaking, especially of bread in church, from frāct-, past participle stem of frangō, to break…

It is inherited from Middle English intercepten, borrowed from Latin interceptus, the past participle of intercipiō (“to take or seize between, to seize in passing”), from inter- (“between”) and…

It is inherited from Middle English longitude, partly borrowed from Middle French longitude, recorded in Old French from 1314 for length, in astronomy from before 1324, and partly directly borrowed…

It is inherited from Middle English opposyt, borrowed from Old French opposite (“opposite, contrary”), oposite, 13th century, from Latin oppositus (“standing against, opposed”), the past participle…

It is inherited from Middle English perpendiculer, borrowed from Middle French perpendiculer, modern perpendiculaire, and its source borrowed from Latin perpendiculāris (“vertical, as a plumb line…

It is inherited from Middle English solide, borrowed from Old French solide (“firm, dense, compact”), and directly from Latin solidus (“firm, whole, entire”), figuratively “sound, genuine”, from a…

It is inherited from Middle English utilite, borrowed from Old French utilité (“usefulness”), from Latin ūtilitas (“usefulness, profit”), from ūtilis (“usable”), from ūtī (“to use”) (see use).

It is inherited from Middle English bakside, also bakke-side, formed from Middle English bak + side. The OED takes the first part as the combining form back- and the second as the noun side, while…

The verb, the older of the two parts of speech, is inherited from Middle English enamelen, also enamailen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman enamailler, also enameler, formed from en- (“in, on”) and amail…

It is inherited from Middle English immediat, borrowed from Old French immediat and Medieval Latin immediātus, from Late Latin immediātus (“without anything between”), from in- “not” and mediātus…

It is first recorded as inherited from Middle English inscicioun, borrowed from Old French incision and directly borrowed from Latin incīsiō (“a cutting into”), a noun of action from incīdō (“to cut…

It is a compound, from English in + side, originally Middle English ynneside, from the adverb inne (“inside”) and side, later understood as a compound of the preposition. Barnhart notes that inside…

It is inherited from Middle English intollerable, also intolerable, borrowed from Old French intolerable and directly borrowed from Latin intolerābilis (“that cannot bear; that cannot be borne”)…

It is inherited from Middle English launcet, also lancette, borrowed from Old French lancette (“small lance”), a diminutive of lance (“lance”) with -ette. The Old French word is recorded from the…

It is inherited from Middle English ligament, also ligamen, borrowed from Medieval Latin ligāmentum (“ligament of the body”), from Latin ligāmentum (“band, tie, bandage”), formed from ligō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English localle, borrowed from Late Latin locālis (“pertaining to a place”), partly through Old French local, from Latin locus (“place, spot”), earlier stlocus.

It is inherited from Middle English mailet, also mallet and maliot, borrowed from Anglo-Norman maillet and Middle French maillet, and Old French maillet (“mallet, small wooden hammer…

It is inherited from Middle English moderat, borrowed from Latin moderātus (“kept within bounds, restrained”), the past participle of moderārī (“to regulate, restrain”), from a stem *modes- related…

1. The embalmed body is inherited from Middle English mummie, borrowed from Old French mumie (modern French momie), from Medieval Latin mumia, from Arabic مُومِيَاء (mūmiyāʾ, “embalmed body…

It is inherited from Middle English mirtille, also mirtel, borrowed from Old French mirtille, also mirtile, and directly borrowed from Medieval Latin myrtillus (“myrtle berry”), a diminutive of…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin orbita and Old French orbite, from Latin orbita, a wheel track, beaten path, rut, course, the feminine of orbitus, circular, from orbis, a ring, wheel (see orb).

It is inherited from Middle English porous, also porus and porose, partly borrowed from Middle French poreux, Old French poros, and partly borrowed from Medieval Latin porōsus, formed from porus…

The verb is inherited from Middle English practisen, borrowed from Middle French practiser, also pratiser, an alteration, with the common suffix -iser, of practiquer, from Medieval Latin prācticō…

It is borrowed from Old French primitif (feminine primitive), meaning "very first, original" in the 14th century, and directly Latin prīmitīvus (“first or earliest of its kind”), which is formed on…

It is inherited from Middle English provoken, partly borrowed from Old French provoquer, also provoker and provochier, and partly directly borrowed from Latin prōvocō (“to call forth, challenge…

It is inherited from Middle English pūs, borrowed from Latin pūs (“viscous matter from a sore”), whose stem form also gave purulent and suppurate. The Latin noun is related to puter (“rotten”) and…

1. The uncommon sense is inherited from Middle English rere, also rare, borrowed from Old French rer (“sparse, hard to find”), and directly from Latin rārus (“thinly sown, loose in texture…

It is inherited from Middle English rectifien, also rectefien and retifien, borrowed from Old French rectifier (“to make straight, set right”), from Late Latin rēctificō (“to set right, make…

It is inherited from Middle English reflecten, borrowed from Old French reflecter and directly from Latin reflectō (“to bend back, turn away”), from re- (“back”) and flectō (“to bend”). See flexible.

It is inherited from Middle English respiracioun, borrowed from Middle French respiration, also respiracion, and directly borrowed from Latin respīrātiō (“recovery of breath, breathing”). Barnhart…

1. The fastening is inherited from Middle English rivette, also revette and ryvette, borrowed from Old French rivet (“short pin or bolt”), recorded in French from 1260 and in Anglo-Norman from the…

It is inherited from Middle English saggen, of uncertain origin. The OED, the Shorter Oxford and the Oxford Dictionary of English connect it with borrowed from Middle Low German sacken (“to settle…

It is inherited from Middle English sensitif, borrowed from Middle French sensitif and directly from Medieval Latin sensitīvus (“capable of sensation”), formed irregularly from Latin sentiō “to…

It is borrowed from Old French sirop, also taken from siropus or sirupus, and ultimately from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “a drink, beverage, wine, syrup”), from شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”). Barnhart…

It is inherited from Middle English testicule, borrowed from Latin testiculus (“testicle”), a diminutive of testis (“testicle”). The present spelling, with -cle, is a 15th-century alteration of…

It is inherited from Middle English triangle, borrowed from Old French triangle and directly Latin triangulum (“triangle”), the noun use of the neuter of triangulus (“three-cornered”), from tri-…