English words first recorded in the 13th century

It is inherited from Middle English avauncen, borrowed from Old French avancier (“to move forward, go forward, set forward”) (modern French avancer), from Vulgar Latin *abantiō, the source also of…

It is inherited from Middle English alwayes, alweis, an alteration of alwey, alway under the influence of the adverbial genitive ending -es; alwey is in turn inherited from Old English ealne weg…

It is inherited from Middle English anniversarie, through Anglo-Norman anniversarie, from Medieval Latin anniversārium, a noun use of Latin anniversārius (“returning yearly”), from annus “year” and…

It is borrowed from Latin avē (“hail; farewell”), the singular imperative of aveō, to be or fare well, perhaps from Punic ḥwy, live!

It is inherited from Middle English bagge, probably borrowed from Old Norse baggi (“pack, bundle”) or a similar Scandinavian word, though its origin is uncertain. In some senses it may be from Old…

It is Middle English blank, borrowed from Old French blanc (“white, shining”), from Frankish *blank, white, gleaming, or another Germanic source (compare Old Norse blakkr and Old English blanca, a…

It is inherited from Middle English blasfemie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman blasfemie and Old French blasfemie, also spelled blasphemie, and partly directly borrowed from Late Latin blasphēmia…

It is inherited from Middle English bulge, also boulge, borrowed from Old French boulge, also bouge, or directly borrowed from Latin bulga (“leather bag, knapsack”). The Anglo-Norman noun is…

It is inherited from Middle English kake, borrowed from Old Norse kaka (“cake”), related to Proto-West Germanic *kōkō, the source of Middle Dutch kōke, Dutch koek and German Kuchen “cake”, and to…

It is inherited from Middle English conqueren (early cunquearen), borrowed from Old French conquerre, from Vulgar Latin *conquaerō, a form of Latin conquīrō (“to seek out, search for, procure by…

It is borrowed from Old French crualté (modern cruauté), from a popular form of Latin crūdēlitās (“cruelty”), formed on crūdēlis (“hard-hearted, cruel”), the source of cruel, with the suffix that…

It is inherited from Middle English cunte, of Germanic origin, akin to Old Norse kunta, Old Frisian kunte, Middle Dutch conte and Middle Low German kunte, from Proto-Germanic *kunton, which is of…

The noun is inherited from Middle English descorde, later discord, borrowed from Old French descorde, also discorde, which is from Latin discordia (“discord”), and partly borrowed from Old French…

It is inherited from Middle English destorben, also destourben and disturben, borrowed from Old French destorber, also destourber, and directly borrowed from Latin disturbō (“to throw into…

It is formed from English here + by, from the adverb and the preposition. The OED compares Middle Dutch hierbi, Middle Low German hirbi, Dutch hierbij, Middle High German hierbî and German hierbei…

It is inherited from Middle English homicide, borrowed from Old French homicide (“murder, manslaughter”) (Anglo-Norman also omicide), a learned borrowing of Latin homicīdium (“manslaughter”). The…

It is inherited from Middle English ivorie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman ivorie, from Old North French ivurie, from Medieval Latin eborium (“ivory”), the noun use of Latin eboreus (“of ivory”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English jugement, borrowed from Old French jugement (“legal judgment; diagnosis; the Last Judgment”), from jugier (“to judge”) (see judge) and -ment.

It is inherited from Middle English las (also laz, laas), borrowed from Anglo-Norman laz and Old French las (“net, noose, string”) (modern French lacs), from Vulgar Latin *lacium, from Latin laqueus…

The adjective is the original strong past participle of the verb lade, which is inherited from Middle English laden, inherited from Old English hladan (“to load, heap up; to draw water”) (past…

It is inherited from Middle English mercer, also merser, borrowed from Anglo-Norman mercer, also marcer, a merchant and especially a dealer in textiles, beside Old French mercier (“trader, dealer”)…

It is inherited from Middle English pinchen, borrowed from Old French *pinchier (“to pinch, squeeze, nip”), a northern variant of pincier, the ancestor of pincer, still found in Norman dialect. The…

It is inherited from Middle English singularite, also singulerite, borrowed from Old French singulerte (“peculiarity”), modern French singularité, and directly borrowed from Late Latin singulāritās…

It is inherited from Middle English snacchen, early snecchen, a word of uncertain origin. It may be inherited from Old English *snæccan, an unrecorded verb that the MED and Etymonline propose…

It is inherited from Middle English supersticion, also supersticioun, borrowed from Middle French supersticion, superstition, and directly borrowed from Latin superstitiō (“irrational religious awe…

It is inherited from Middle English tempten, also tenten, borrowed from Old French tempter, and directly borrowed from Latin temptō (“to handle, touch, feel, test, try”). The OED explains tempter…

It is inherited from Middle English temptacioun, also tentacioun, borrowed from Old French temptacion (12th century; in modern French tentation), and also directly from Latin temptātiō (“a testing…

It is inherited from Middle English thrift, also thrif and trift. The OED takes it as formed from English thrive + -t, like drift, gift and rift, perhaps reinforced in the north of England by Old…

It is wherin, a compound of where and in, with where in the sense "in which position or circumstances". Similar compounds are waarin, worin, vari and hvori.

It is formed from English wind + mill. In Middle English it was written wind-milne, windmulle and, in Chaucer, wind-melle. Similar compounds are Middle Dutch wintmolen (13th century; now Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English logge, later lodge, borrowed from Old French loge (“arbour, covered walk, hut”), from Frankish *laubja (“shelter”), source also of German Laube (“bower, arbour”)…

It is inherited from Middle English ris, rys, borrowed from Old French ris (modern riz), from Italian riso, from Latin oryza, from Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza, “rice”), from an Indo-Iranian source…

1. The verb meaning to complain is inherited from Middle English carpen (“to talk, speak, tell”), borrowed from Old Norse karpa (“to brag, boast”), whose further history is uncertain…

It is inherited from Middle English conestable, borrowed from Old French conestable (also cunestable; modern connétable), recorded in Anglo-Norman from 1130. The French word continues Late Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English cuccu, cokkou, probably borrowed from Old French cucu, cocu (“cuckoo; cuckold”) (modern French coucou) or at least influenced by it, imitating the call of the…

It is inherited from Middle English fiers, borrowed from Anglo-Norman fers and Old French fiers, the nominative of fier (“wild, fierce, proud”) (modern French fier (“proud”)), from Latin ferus…

It is formed from English un- + worthy, first as inherited from Middle English unworthī, also spelled unwurthi and onworthi. Similar formations are Middle Dutch onwerdich (now onwaardig), Middle Low…

It is inherited from Middle English tinkere, first recorded in Anglo-Latin records and as a surname. Its origin is uncertain. The OED gives two explanations. The first is a formation from English…

It is a compound from English black + smith, in Middle English blaksmith, from blak (“black”) and smith. The smith is called black from his work with iron, known as black metal, as distinguished…

It is inherited from Middle English buket, borrowed from Anglo-Norman buket (“bucket, pail”), buquet, perhaps from Old English būc, pitcher, belly, or from a Frankish source; buckets were formerly…

It is Middle English as, later ace, borrowed from Old French as (“one at dice”), from Latin as (“a unit, one; a copper coin”) (genitive assis), perhaps from Etruscan, or related to Ancient Greek εἷς…

It is inherited from Middle English amonges, from among with the adverbial genitive -s or -es. The final -t, unetymological, appeared in the 16th century, probably by association with superlatives…

The verb is inherited from Middle English amounten, borrowed from Old French amonter (“to rise, go up; to mean”), from amont (“upward, uphill”), literally “to the mountain”, from Latin ad montem…

It is inherited from Middle English aperen, apperen, borrowed from Old French aparoir, from the stem aper- of apareir, from Latin appāreō (“to appear, come in sight”), from ad (“to”) and pāreō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English arsmetike, later arsmetrike, borrowed from Old French arismetique, also arsmetique, which the OED derives through Old Occitan arismetica or Late Latin arismetica…

It is inherited from Middle English art, borrowed from Old French art and directly borrowed from Latin ars (“skill, craft; a work of art”) (accusative artem), from Proto-Indo-European *ar(ə)-ti-, a…

It is inherited from Middle English atiren, borrowed from Old French atirier (“to arrange, put in order, equip, dress”), later atirer, formed on the phrase a tire (“in order, in a row”), from a-…

It is inherited from Middle English awaiten, borrowed from Old Northern French awaitier (“to lie in wait for, watch, observe”), corresponding to Old French agaitier or aguaitier. The Anglo-Norman…

It is inherited from Middle English bataille, borrowed from Old French bataille (“battle, single combat; army, body of soldiers”), from Late Latin battālia (“battle”), a variant of battuālia…

The OED, the Shorter Oxford and Merriam-Webster take it as formed from English beg + -er, as Middle English beggare and beggere; the spelling with -ar is found from the 14th century, but begger was…

It is inherited from Middle English bitraien, formed from Middle English bi- + traien (“to betray”), the second part being the now obsolete verb traien, which is from Old French traïr (“to betray…

It is inherited from Middle English bussh, busk, inherited from Old English busc, found only in place-names, from Proto-West Germanic *busk (“bush, thicket”), the source also of Old High German…

It is Middle English carter, from Anglo-Norman careter and in part an agent noun from cart, formed from English cart + -er. The NODE gives the influence of Old Norse kartr “cart” and Old Northern…

1. The instance or situation is inherited from Middle English cas, borrowed from Old French cas (“event, chance, situation”), from Latin cāsus (“a fall; chance, event”), from cās-, the…

It is inherited from Middle English catel, borrowed from Anglo-Norman catel (“property”), Old Northern French catel, a variant of Old French chatel, from Medieval Latin capitale (“property, stock”)…

It is inherited from Middle English chateren, also cheateren and chatren, an imitative formation, which the OED and the Shorter Oxford analyse as an imitative base with the frequentative suffix -er…

1. The chessboard word is inherited from Middle English cheker, also chekier and chequer, borrowed from Old French eschequier (“chessboard; game of chess”), also eschekier, with the loss of the…

It is inherited from Middle English clad, also cladde, a past participle of clothen (“to clothe”), inherited from Old English clāþod, past participle of clāþian (“to clothe”), from clāþ (“cloth”)…

It is inherited from Middle English comandement, borrowed from Old French comandement, also commandement, formed from comander (“to command”) and the suffix -ment; the Anglo-Norman word is recorded…

It is inherited from Middle English commencement, also shortened to comsemente, borrowed from Old French comencement (“beginning, start”), modern commencement. The Old French noun is formed from the…