Programm

Forms

Programm n (genitive Programmes or Programms, plural Programme, diminutive Progrämmchen n)^[1] At first it kept the Greek-Latin form Programma; the German form Programm appears about 1800.^[2] Jean Paul has a weak plural Programmen.^[3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin programma (“public notice, proclamation”), partly through French programme, from Ancient Greek πρόγραμμα (prógramma, “public notice, agenda”).^[4][2][5][3] The Greek noun belongs to προγράφω (prográphō, “to write before, to give public notice”), from πρό (pró, “before”) and γράφω (gráphō, “to write”).^[4][2][6] The sense in computing came from English.^[4][2]

Earliest recorded meaning

The word was borrowed about 1700, in the Greek-Latin form Programma, meaning a public notice or a written invitation.^[2][7] Kluge dates it to the 18th century.^[4]

Semantic evolution

Its first senses were “public announcement” and “invitation”, and until the early 20th century it also meant the learned essay printed by a school (a sense English borrowed as programma in 1820).^[7][8] From the order of events at a performance or concert it came to mean the sequence of items offered, the printed list of them and today above all the daily offer of radio and television.^[7][2] The sense “aims and principles”, especially of a political party, dates from the middle of the 19th century;^[7][3] Gustav Freytag mocks the programme of new ministers.^[7][3]

The computing sense, a set of instructions for a computer, is recorded from 1947, after English.^[7][2] The verb programmieren and Programmierer followed in the middle of the 20th century, and the participle vorprogrammiert “bound to happen” is now common.^[2][7]

Timeline

• c. 1700 – Programma is borrowed in the sense “public notice”.^[2][7]
• c. 1800 – The German form Programm appears.^[2]
• 19th century – programmatisch appears.^[2]
• Mid-19th century – The sense “political aims, manifesto” appears.^[7]
• 1947 – The computing sense is recorded.^[7]

Meanings

Noun

1. The whole of the shows offered by a theatre, cinema, radio or television station, also a channel: Das Spiel läuft im dritten Programm.^[5][1]
2. The planned order of events at a performance or meeting, a programme: Das Programm des Abends war abwechslungsreich.^[5]
3. A plan, the fixed details of an undertaking, a schedule: Für morgen haben wir ein volles Programm.^[5]
4. A sequence of operations set on a machine: das Schonprogramm der Waschmaschine.^[5]
5. A printed sheet or booklet about an event.^[5]
6. A statement of aims and principles, as of a party: das Programm der Partei.^[5][7]
7. (computing) A computer program.^[5][1]

Word family

• programmieren
• programmatisch
• Programmatik
• Programmierer
• Fernsehprogramm

Related words

• Grafik

Usage notes

Nach Programm means “as planned, as expected”, and auf dem Programm stehen “to be planned”.^[5]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
3. ^ a b c d Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm (1854–1961), Deutsches Wörterbuch, 16 vols. in 32, Leipzig: Hirzel; digital: Wörterbuchnetz, Trier Center for Digital Humanities, p. 13, 2163
4. ^ a b c d Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, p. 725
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Duden. Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache in zehn Bänden (1999), 3rd ed., Mannheim: Dudenverlag
6. ^ Duden. Das Herkunftswörterbuch: Etymologie der deutschen Sprache (2014), 5th ed., Duden vol. 7, Berlin / Mannheim / Zürich: Dudenverlag, p. 658
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Paul, Hermann (2002), Deutsches Wörterbuch: Bedeutungsgeschichte und Aufbau unseres Wortschatzes, 10th ed., ed. Helmut Henne, Heidrun Kämper and Georg Objartel, Tübingen: Niemeyer
8. ^ Lehnwortportal Deutsch (2012–), Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim, lwp.ids-mannheim.de