dupã

Forms

dupã^[1]

• Other spellings: dupu, dipu and dipã in Wiktionary and Cunia;^[1][2] DÚPĂ, DUPU and DÍPU in Papahagi's dictionary;^[3][4] dúpă in Mihăileanu's Romanian-based spelling;^[5] dupâ in DIARO;^[6] ντούπου, ντούπᾶ and ντίπου (dúpu, dúpă, dípu) in Nikolaidis's Greek script.^[7]
• Pascu records dupu and dipu from Nikolaidis and the Basme beside după.^[8]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin dē post (“after, behind”),^[3][8][1] from dē (“from”) and post (“behind, after”).^[1] Pascu and Candrea–Densusianu explain the form by the loss of the final consonant and the weakening of the vowels in unstressed position, with the u of the first syllable due to the following labial.^[8][9]

The word is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian după, Megleno-Romanian dúpu and Istro-Romanian dupa.^[10][11][12] In the west it compares with Italian dopo and Portuguese depois.^[10][9]

De Vaan traces post to Proto-Italic *posti (“behind, after”) and Proto-Indo-European *pos(ti) (“after”).^[13]

Earliest recorded meaning

The oldest dated record is in Boiagi's grammar of 1813, one of the sources Pascu cites for the word.^[8]

Semantic evolution

The Latin "after, behind" gave both the spatial and the temporal senses: óïle páscu dúpă dzeánă "the sheep graze behind the hill" and dup' un an "after a year", in DDA's examples.^[3] It also means "according to, by" and "for, in search of": Mihăileanu has imnă după năsu "he does his will" (literally "he walks after him"),^[5] DDA dípu lălúdz "for flowers",^[4] Cunia alag dupã "I look for".^[2] With tsi and cum it forms the conjunctions dupã tsi "since, because" and dupã cum "just as".^[2][5]

Timeline

• 1813 – the preposition is recorded in Boiagi's grammar, as cited by Pascu.^[8]
• 1901 – dúpă in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[5]
• 1909 – dúpu, dúpă and dípu “after, behind” in Nikolaidis's dictionary.^[7]

Meanings

Preposition

1. Behind.^[2][1][3]
2. After (in time or order).^[1][3][6]
3. According to, by.^[1][3][2]
4. For, in search of.^[4][2]

Related words

• apoi
• Romanian după
• Megleno-Romanian dúpu

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 421
3. ^ a b c d e f Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 508
4. ^ a b c Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 390
5. ^ a b c d Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 176
6. ^ a b Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 430
7. ^ a b Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 381
8. ^ a b c d e Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 140
9. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
10. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
11. ^ Saramandu, Nicolae (coord.) et al. (2010–), Dicționarul dialectului meglenoromân, general și etimologic, fascicles in Fonetică și dialectologie XXIX–, p. 191
12. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
13. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill