doi

Forms

doi m (feminine doauã or dauã or dau or dao)^[1]

• Feminine doauã or dauã in Cunia's dictionary;^[2] Wiktionary also gives the feminines dau and dao.^[1]
• Other spellings: DOÏ, feminine doáŭă and, in the north, dáŭă and dáo, in Papahagi's dictionary;^[3] doi, feminine doauâ, in DIARO's Romanian-based spelling;^[4] Ντόοι in the Greek script of Kavalliotis's word list, which its editor reads as doi.^[5]
• Older and regional forms: Pascu records the feminines doaŭă and doao, dao and dau in Boiagi's grammar, and daăă in Obedenaru's texts;^[6] Weigand's glossary has doi with the articled doil'i.^[7]
• Articled plural doilji (dóľi) "both", genitive-dative a doilor; ordinal doilu "second", feminine a doaua.^[3][8][2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *doi (“two”), feminine *doae, as Papahagi reconstructs it.^[3] Pascu starts from *dui, that is Latin duo (“two”) with the plural ending -ī, and the feminine duae;^[6] Pușcariu and Wiktionary also give *dui.^[9][1] Candrea and Densusianu explain *doi as *dui reshaped under the influence of *dos, the unstressed outcome of duōs, and the feminine *doae as duae reshaped after *doi.^[10]

The word is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian doi, Megleno-Romanian doi̯ and Istro-Romanian doi̭.^[11][12][13] The Western Romance languages continue the same Latin numeral: Italian due, French deux, Spanish dos.^[11][14]

De Vaan derives Latin duo from Proto-Italic *duō and the dual Proto-Indo-European *duoh₁ (“two”); its cognates include Ancient Greek δύο (dúo) and Sanskrit द्व (dvá).^[15][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Kavalliotis's Greek–Aromanian–Albanian word list of 1770, where Ντόοι stands for "two";^[5] Meyer reads it doi.^[5]

Semantic evolution

The numeral kept its Latin sense, "two", for both genders.^[16][3] With the article it means "both" (doilji, feminine dauãli).^[3][8] Papahagi and Cunia record set phrases built on it: stau pi dauã "to be in two minds",^[3][2] and dau doilji a preftului, literally "to give the two coins to the priest", that is, to die.^[3][2]

Timeline

• 1770 – Ντόοι “two” in Kavalliotis's word list.^[5]
• 1813 – the feminines dao and dau in Boiagi's grammar, as cited by Pascu.^[6]
• 1894 – doi “two” in Weigand's glossary.^[7]
• 1905 – doi, with the articled doil'i “both”, in Papahagi's glossary of folk tales.^[8]

Meanings

Numeral

1. Two.^[16][3][1]
2. (articled plural) Both.^[3][8]

Related words

• Romanian doi

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 412
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 497
4. ^ Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 412
5. ^ a b c d Meyer, Gustav (1895), Albanesische Studien IV: Das griechisch-südrumänisch-albanesische Wörterverzeichnis des Kavalliotis, Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 132, p. 45
6. ^ a b c Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 77
7. ^ a b Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 300
8. ^ a b c d Papahagi, Pericle (1905), Basme aromâne și glosar, București: Academia Română, p. 584
9. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter
10. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
11. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
12. ^ Saramandu, Nicolae (coord.) et al. (2010–), Dicționarul dialectului meglenoromân, general și etimologic, fascicles in Fonetică și dialectologie XXIX–, p. 227
13. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
14. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
15. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
16. ^ a b Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)