dzuã

Forms

dzuã f (plural dzãli or dzãle)^[1]

• Plural dzãli or dzãle;^[2][1] Papahagi gives the plural dzí'le,^[3] Nikolaidis dzali and dzíli.^[4] Definite singular dzua.^[1][5]
• Other spellings: dzuuã,^[2][1] dzãuã,^[6][1] dzã^[7][1] and zãuã;^[8] Cunia also lists the short forms zu, zã and z;^[2] dzue, plural dzeli, in Wiktionary;^[1] DZÚŬĂ in Papahagi's dictionary, with dzî only in compounds such as ádzí (today);^[3][9] DZUĂ in Pascu's dictionary;^[10] dzúa in Mihăileanu's dictionary;^[5] τζούᾶ (dzúa) in Nikolaidis's Greek script;^[4] and in Kavalliotis's word list a Greek-script form its editor reads as dzuă.^[11]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin diēs (“day”).^[3][10][1] Pascu explains the shape of the word by analogy: the articled form was remodelled after that of steauã (“star”), which gave a new singular ending, and the plural followed the plural of the same word.^[10] Nikolaidis derived it instead through a Latin *diva;^[4] Meyer had already found a development through that form hard to accept.^[11]

The word is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian zi (articled ziua), Megleno-Romanian zuă and Istro-Romanian zi.^[12][13] Its western cognates include Italian dì, Catalan dia, Spanish día and Portuguese dia.^[12][14]

Latin diēs was built on the accusative Proto-Italic *dijēm, from Proto-Indo-European *di-eu- (“god of the clear sky”);^[15] it is related to Iuppiter and Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).^[16]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Kavalliotis's Greek–Aromanian–Albanian word list of 1770, where it translates Modern Greek ημέρα (iméra, “day”), in a form its editor Meyer reads as dzuă.^[11]

Semantic evolution

The Latin sense "day" is the main one: both the daylight hours from sunrise to sunset and the full day of twenty-four hours.^[2][3] Figuratively it means "life": Cunia equates it with banã (“life”), and Papahagi quotes a tale in which a hero takes another's "day" in one breath.^[2][3] Pascu adds the senses "time, moment" and "appointed term" from Dalametra, and "fate" from P. Papahagi's tales.^[10] Set phrases include da dzua ("day breaks"), om di-a dzuãljei (a man of the day, one who does nothing by night) and the greeting búnă dzúŭă.^[2][3] Papahagi records the riddle of the two sisters who can never see each other, day and night.^[3]

Timeline

• 1770 – a form read as dzuă “day” in Kavalliotis's word list.^[11]
• 1901 – dzúa “the day” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[5]
• 1909 – τζούᾶ (dzúa) “day” in Nikolaidis's dictionary.^[4]
• 1925 – Pascu derives it from Latin dies.^[10]

Meanings

Noun

1. Day, daytime: the time from sunrise to sunset.^[2][3][1]
2. A day of twenty-four hours, from one midnight to the next.^[2]
3. (figurative) Life.^[2][3]
4. Time, moment; an appointed term.^[10]
5. Fate, destiny.^[10]

Related words

• Romanian zi

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 429
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 436
4. ^ a b c d Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 532
5. ^ a b c Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 179
6. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 426
7. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 425
8. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 1119
9. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 524
10. ^ a b c d e f g Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 81
11. ^ a b c d Meyer, Gustav (1895), Albanesische Studien IV: Das griechisch-südrumänisch-albanesische Wörterverzeichnis des Kavalliotis, Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 132, p. 53
12. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
13. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter
14. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
15. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
16. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press