dau

Forms

dau (third-person singular da, participle datã)^[1]

• First and second conjugation: aorist ded, imperfect dam and dãdeam, participle datã, long infinitive dari or dare and dãdeari or dãdeare.^[2] Katsanis and Dinas give class 1, with the aorist dedu and the participle datu.^[3]
• Other spellings: DAŬ in Papahagi's dictionary;^[4] dáu, aorist dedu, in Mihăileanu's Romanian-based spelling;^[5] ντάου (dáu), aorist ντέντου (dédu), in the Greek script of Nikolaidis;^[6] Ντάου dau (Meyer's reading) in Kavalliotis's word list of 1770.^[7]
• Regional forms: dáu, infinitive dáre or dideáre, aorist dédu, in the dialect of Metsovo;^[8] dau, aorist ded or dedu, third person deade or dede, in Weigand's texts;^[9] imperfect dădeam or dideam in Pericle Papahagi's folk tales.^[10]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin dō (“to give”).^{[4][1][6][11]} The Aromanian present presupposes a first person Vulgar Latin *dao in place of the classical form, as Meyer (after Meyer-Lübke) and Ciorănescu (after Densusianu) note.^[7][11] The Latin verb continues Proto-Italic *didō and Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, from the root *deh₃- (“to give”);^[1] de Vaan reconstructs a Proto-Indo-European reduplicated present beside a root aorist, from which the Latin infinitive comes.^[12]

The verb is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian da, Megleno-Romanian dau̯ and Istro-Romanian dǫu.^[11][13][14] Further west it continues as Italian dare, Spanish dar and Portuguese dar.^[15]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Kavalliotis's word list of 1770, where Ντάου (Meyer's dau) translates Modern Greek δίδω (dído, “I give”), a form Meyer notes is already Byzantine.^[7]

Semantic evolution

Besides to give, Papahagi lists some twenty senses: to inform, promise, push, produce; of the weather, to rain or snow; to lead, begin, appear or rise (of the sun), meet, set out, touch, strike, throw down, suffer, and to die.^[4] Weigand's texts have deade sorele "the sun shone" and deadiră "they struck".^[9] With a noun it forms many verbal phrases, as Cunia notes,^[2] such as dă'-lă hăbáre "let them know" and nă deádiră zbor "they gave us their word", quoted by Papahagi.^[4] With di it means to touch or come upon: nu dă di mini "don't touch me".^[16]

Timeline

• 1770 – Ντάου “I give” in Kavalliotis's word list.^[7]
• 1894 – dau “give” in Weigand's glossary.^[9]
• 1901 – dáu “give” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[5]
• 1909 – Nikolaidis derives it from Latin dō.^[6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To give; to hand over.^[1][17][4]
2. To inform; to promise (dau zbor, to give one's word).^[4][18]
3. To strike, hit; to push.^[4][9]
4. Of the weather, to rain or snow; of the sun, to rise or shine.^[4][9]
5. (with di) To touch; to come upon, meet.^[16][4]

Related words

• Romanian da

Usage notes

Wiktionary also has a numeral dau, the feminine of doi "two", from Latin duae, beside dauã and doauã.^[1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 375
3. ^ Κατσάνης, Νικόλαος; Ντίνας, Κωνσταντίνος (1990), Γραμματική της κοινής κουτσοβλαχικής, Θεσσαλονίκη: Αρχείο Κουτσοβλαχικών Μελετών, p. 137
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 461
5. ^ a b Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 140
6. ^ a b c Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 360
7. ^ a b c d Meyer, Gustav (1895), Albanesische Studien IV: Das griechisch-südrumänisch-albanesische Wörterverzeichnis des Kavalliotis, Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 132, p. 43
8. ^ Δασούλας, Φώτης (2013), Το βλαχικό ιδίωμα του Μετσόβου, 2nd ed.
9. ^ a b c d e Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 298
10. ^ Papahagi, Pericle (1905), Basme aromâne și glosar, București: Academia Română, p. 578
11. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
12. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
13. ^ Saramandu, Nicolae (coord.) et al. (2010–), Dicționarul dialectului meglenoromân, general și etimologic, fascicles in Fonetică și dialectologie XXIX–, p. 174
14. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 105
15. ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 73
16. ^ a b Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 94
17. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)
18. ^ Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 342