coadã

Forms

coadã f (plural codz or coadi / coade, definite articulation coada)^[1]

• Plural codz and coáde in Papahagi's dictionary,^[2] codzï and coade in Pascu.^[3]
• Other spellings: code (plural codz, definite coda) in Wiktionary;^[1] COADĂ in Papahagi's dictionary;^[2] coadă in Mihăileanu's^[4] and DIARO's Romanian-based spelling.^[5]
• Regional forms: ko'adā, plural ko'adi, in Turia;^[6] coádă, plural coáde, in Metsovo.^[7]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin cōda (“tail”),^[2][3][1] the rustic form of classical cauda (“tail”), with ō for au.^[1][8] De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *kaudā (“part, tail”) and Proto-Indo-European *keh₂u-d- (“cleaved, separate”): the tail would be the loose "part" of an animal, and the word would belong with cūdō (“to beat, strike”).^[9]

The word is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian coadă, Megleno-Romanian coadă and Istro-Romanian code.^[10][11] The Romance languages further west continue the same Latin form: Italian coda, Friulian kode, French queue, Old Spanish coa and Dalmatian kauda.^[12][13] For the sense "wool from the tail", Pascu compares codi (“to twist the tail wool”) and codină (“tail wool”).^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Mihăileanu's dictionary of 1901 gives coadă as "tail", "braid" and "the last one".^[4]

Semantic evolution

From the tail of an animal the word passed to other long, hanging or rear parts: a braid of hair, the stalk of a fruit or leaf, the handle of a tool, a queue of people.^[14][2] "The last one" and "the end" are old senses: Mihăileanu has este coadă tutulóru "he is the last of all",^[4] and Papahagi quotes din cap pîn’ tu coádă "from beginning to end".^[2] In pastoral use it is the wool from a sheep's tail and the sheep itself.^[3][2][14] Papahagi lists fourteen senses, among them wealth (u-áre coáda groásă "he is rich"), an honour (the tail of the roast given to the godfather at a wedding), a defect, and indifference (l’ea-n’í coáda, lúpe! "take my tail, wolf!", that is "I do not care about you").^[2]

Timeline

• 1901 – coadă “tail; braid; the last one” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[4]
• 1925 – Pascu derives it from Latin coda.^[3]
• 1963 – Papahagi lists fourteen senses.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. A tail of an animal, a bird or a fish.^[14][2][3]
2. A braid of hair.^[14][2][4]
3. The stalk of a fruit, flower or leaf.^[14][7]
4. The handle of a tool such as a shovel, broom or pan.^[14]
5. A queue of people waiting.^[14]
6. (figurative) The last one in a row; the end.^[14][2][5]
7. (figurative) The wool from a sheep's tail; a sheep.^[14][2][3]
8. (figurative) A defect, a fault.^[14][2][3]

Related words

• Romanian coadă

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 373
3. ^ a b c d e f g h Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 68
4. ^ a b c d e Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 123
5. ^ a b Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 273
6. ^ Бара, Мариана; Каль, Теде; Соболев, Андрей Н. (2005), Южноарумынский говор села Турия (Малый диалектологический атлас балканских языков, серия монографий 1), p. 387
7. ^ a b Δασούλας, Φώτης (2013), Το βλαχικό ιδίωμα του Μετσόβου, 2nd ed.
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
10. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
11. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 73
12. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
13. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 325