raport

Forms

raport n (plural raporturi)^[1] The first record has report: „Reporturile vor fi pline, ori de veselie, ori de întristăciune” “the reports will be full either of joy or of sorrow”.^[2][3] Anton Pann writes răport: „Sosiră dar și răporturi acolea la împărați” “so reports also reached the emperors there”.^[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French rapport, a noun formed on rapporter (“to bring back, to report”).^[2][4][1][5] MDA2 also compares German Report, and Tiktin allows for transmission through other languages, comparing the German word and Italian riporto.^[3][6] The DLR takes the early form ⟨report⟩ from the German and Italian words.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Foletul novei, the calendar of Constantin Brâncoveanu (1693–1704), in the form report and the sense “an account, a report”.^[2][3][6]

Semantic evolution

The DLR's quotations from 1809 on are all official reports: of the boyars, of the county authorities, of an embassy.^[2] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 gives both the account of a thing and the sense “agreement, analogy, connection”.^[7] The abstract sense “relation” spread in the 19th century to grammar and mathematics, where a raport is the quotient of two quantities.^[5][8] Casă de raport was a house built or bought to be let for income.^[9][10] In the army the word is the brief spoken report to a superior, and the hour when it is given.^[4]

Timeline

• 1693-1704 – reporturile in the Foletul novei, the first record.^[2][3]
• 1809 – raportul in a document.^[2]
• 1848 – rapport “relation; agreement” in Negulici's dictionary.^[7]
• 1870 – rapportu with legal and commercial senses in Costinescu's dictionary.^[11]
• 1886 – raport “report; relation” in Barcianu's dictionary.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. A relation or connection between people, things or ideas: în raport cu “compared with”, sub acest raport “from this point of view”.^[4][1]
2. (chiefly plural) Contacts, dealings between people or institutions.^[4]
3. (mathematics) The quotient of two quantities of the same kind; a numerical ratio between two values.^[4]
4. A written or spoken report to a meeting or an authority; its text: Comisia și-a prezentat raportul. “The committee presented its report.”^[4][3][1]
5. (military) A short spoken report on the state of a unit to a superior; the hour of this report.^[4] In a ieși la raport, to go before a superior with a request or to answer for a fault.^[4][3]

Related words

• raporta
• reporter

Usage notes

The plural depends on the sense: raporturi for relations and ratios, rapoarte for reports.^[4] Older texts also have raporturi for reports.^[2][6]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. raport
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 624
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 912
5. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 1088
6. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. raport
7. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. raport
8. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 532
9. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 654
10. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. raport
11. ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 400
12. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 520