Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word final

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
c. 1815 More words from the 19th century
Borrowed from
French final
Ultimate origin
Latin fīnis

Forms

final m or n (feminine singular finală, masculine plural finali, feminine/neuter plural finale)[1] The neuter noun has two plurals, finaluri and finale; an older masculine plural finali occurs in Alecsandri.[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French final and Latin fīnālis, as DEX, MDA2 and the DILF give it.[4][3][5][1] Tiktin and Scriban name only the Latin word, the DA and the CADE only the French, and the DN adds Italian finale.[6][7][8][9][10] For the noun “finale” in music the DLRM names finale, and Scriban the Italian word.[11][7]

The Latin adjective is formed on fīnis (“end, boundary”) with -ālis, and first meant “of boundaries”.[12][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to about 1815.[6] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 has it as an adjective, “that ends something”, said of a piece of music, a play or a writing.[13]

Semantic evolution

In the 19th century it was a word of grammar and philosophy: Costinescu has the final syllable or letter, and Barcianu causă finală “final cause”.[14][15] The DA quotes rezultatul final “the final result” from Bălcescu.[8]

The noun took the senses “end” and “finale of a symphony or an opera”, and by 1931 the feminine finală meant the deciding contest in a sport.[9][4] In grammar it describes clauses and conjunctions of purpose.[4] The adverbial phrase în final “in the end” spread in the press from the 1970s.[16]

Timeline

  • c. 1815 – the first record cited by Tiktin.[6]
  • 1848 – in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.[13]
  • 1870 – Costinescu's dictionary: the final syllable or letter.[14]
  • 1878 – rezultatul final in the edition of Bălcescu's history that MDA2 cites as its first record.[3][8]
  • 1886 – Barcianu has causă finală and literă finală.[15]
  • 1931 – the CADE records finală “final of a sporting contest”.[9]
  • 1974 – în final “in the end” in the newspaper Scînteia.[16]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. final, last: that marks the end or the last stage of a work, process or event.[4][1]
  2. (grammar) Of clauses, complements and conjunctions: expressing purpose;[4][17] propoziție finală “final clause”.[4][17]

Noun

  1. (neuter) The end or close of an action, event or work;[4][16] în final “in the end”.[4][16]
  2. (neuter, music) The finale of a symphony, concerto or opera.[3][2]
  3. (feminine, finală) The last, deciding stage of a sporting or other contest; a cup final.[4][3]
  4. (feminine, finală) A tailpiece, an ornament printed at the end of a book or chapter; also the final sound of a word or sentence.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 292
  3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 907
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 395
  5. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. final
  6. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. final
  7. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 508
  8. ^ a b c Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. final
  9. ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. final
  10. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. final
  11. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. final
  12. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  13. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. final
  14. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 439
  15. ^ a b Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 230
  16. ^ a b c d Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. final
  17. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. final

Related etymologies

  • cap · also from French
  • dura · also from French
  • pur · also from French
  • pană · also from French
  • pat · also from French
  • masă · also from French
  • lac · also from French
  • primar · also from French
Cite this entry

“Final.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/final. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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