Etymologically

étendre

Etymology and origin of the French word étendre

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
early 12th century, Oxford Psalter
Inherited from
Latin extendo via Old French
Ultimate origin
Latin (extendō)
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin extendo
English extend
French étendre

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /e.tɑ̃dʁ/[1]

Forms

étendre[1] Old French estendre, étendre from the 17th century.[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old French estendre, inherited from Latin extendere (“to stretch out, widen”),[4][5][6][7] from “ex-” with intensive value and Latin tendere (“to stretch”) (see tendre), which belongs to an Indo-European root “*ten-” “to stretch”.[5][4]

Compare Old Occitan estendre, Spanish extender, Portuguese estender and Italian stendere.[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Oxford Psalter (early 12th century) has estendrai la tue vie de generaciun en generaciun, I will stretch out your life from generation to generation: to extend in time.[4][5]

Semantic evolution

About 1165 Benoît de Sainte-Maure used it in space, of arms stretched out, and for laying someone at full length, especially knocking him to the ground (mort l'estent, he strikes him dead).[4][5][8] From this sense come étendre sur le carreau (1600) and, in 20th-century popular speech, “to knock down” and “to fail” (se faire étendre à un examen, 1929).[5][2]

In 1283 Beaumanoir used it reflexively for growing longer, wider or more important, the sense of étendre son pouvoir and s'étendre sur un sujet.[4][5] Stendhal (1827) has un acide étendu d'eau, diluted.[4] The past participle étendu became an adjective “extensive” (un savoir étendu), and étendue (1404) replaced Old French estente, étendoir dates from 1687 and étendage from 1756.[5][6]

Timeline

  • Early 12th century – Estendre in the Oxford Psalter.[4]
  • c. 1165 – Of arms, “to lay low”, in Benoît de Sainte-Maure.[4]
  • 1283 – “To enlarge”, in Beaumanoir.[4]
  • 1404 – Estendue.[5]
  • 1600 – Étendre sur le carreau.[5]
  • 1687 – Étendoir.[5]
  • 1827 – “To dilute”, in Stendhal.[4]
  • 1929 – Se faire étendre à un examen.[5]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To stretch out (a limb): étendre les bras, les jambes.[9][1]
  2. To spread out, lay out: étendre une nappe, étendre du linge: to hang out the washing.[9][1]
  3. To lay (someone) down, (familiar) to knock down; to fail (in an exam).[9][5]
  4. To extend, enlarge: étendre son influence.[1][10]
  5. To spread (butter, paint); to dilute: étendre du vin d'eau.[1][4]
  6. (reflexive) To lie down; to stretch, extend: la plaine s'étend jusqu'à la mer, s'étendre sur un sujet: to dwell on a subject.[1][9]

Word family

  • étendoir
  • étendu
  • étendue
  • tendre
  • étendage
  • étendu
  • étendue
  • étendoir
  • étendage

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
  3. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  6. ^ a b Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
  7. ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 3, 325b
  8. ^ a b Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
  9. ^ a b c d Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  10. ^ Dictionnaire de français Larousse, larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais (accessed 2024)

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Étendre.” Etymologically, 17 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/fr/%C3%A9tendre. Accessed 17 Oct. 2026.

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