întârziere

Forms

întârziere f (plural întârzieri)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian întârzia + -re, the long infinitive of the verb used as a noun.^[1][2][3] The verb întârzia “to be late” is itself made from în- and târziu “late”.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is from 1703.^[3] MDA2 cites Nicolae Costin's chronicle of Moldavia for its first record.^[2] The verb is older, recorded from 1639.^[2]

Semantic evolution

The noun names both the act of coming or doing something late and the time lost.^[4] MDA2 also records the sense of a clock falling behind, of hesitation and of postponement.^[2] Klein's dictionary of 1801 renders intaerziere with Latin tardātiō and retardātiō.^[5] Damé gives the variant întârziare.^[6][2] Modern technical uses include the delayed explosion of a bomb, a exploda cu întârziere.^[4]

Timeline

• 1703 – first record of the noun.^[3]
• 1801 – intaerziere in Klein's dictionary.^[5]
• 1893–1895 – the variant întârziare in Damé.^[6]

Meanings

Noun

1. delay, lateness: the act of being late and its result;^[4][1] cu întârziere: late, later than due;^[4][1] fără întârziere: at once, without delay.^[4][1]
2. A fi în întârziere: to be behind, to have fallen behind.^[4]
3. The time by which someone or something is late.^[4][2]
4. The falling behind of a clock.^[2]
5. Postponement; hesitation.^[2]

Related words

• întârzia
• târziu

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1252
3. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. întârziere
4. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 555
5. ^ a b Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 383
6. ^ a b Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État, p. s.v. întârziere