Portuguese words first recorded in the 15th century

It is borrowed from Old French esmerillon (“merlin”), modern French émerillon. Aurélio and Nascentes give the modern French form as the source. The French word is first recorded around 1165 as the…

It is formed from Portuguese es- + panca + -ar, from the noun for a thick wooden lever. Figueiredo explains it as striking with that lever; Vieira instead connected it with pancada “blow”. The…

It is borrowed from Latin sparsus (“scattered”), the past participle of spargō (“to scatter, sow, sprinkle”). Wiktionary calls it a learned borrowing, Nascentes a semi-learned one. The inherited…

It is borrowed from Latin speciōsus (“good-looking, beautiful”), formed from speciēs (“appearance”) with the suffix -ōsus. Nascentes takes it by a semi-learned route. Already in Latin the adjective…

Houaiss considers the element ⟨estanc-⟩ of uncertain, probably pre-Roman origin, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *tankó (“to fix”); on that view the word is inherited from Vulgar Latin *extancō…

It is a back-formation from Portuguese estancar (“to stanch, stop the flow of”). The noun Spanish estanque (“pond”) is formed the same way. The verb is of uncertain origin. Houaiss thinks it…

It is formed from Portuguese estudar (“to study”) + -nte, the verb with the suffix of agent nouns and present participles. The DLP and Porto Editora analyse the suffix as -ante, the form it takes in…

It is borrowed from Latin exercitus (“army”), a learned word rather than one handed down by speech. Houaiss traces the Latin noun to the stem of the supine of exerceō (“to work at, keep busy”). The…

It is borrowed from Latin extrāōrdinārius (“out of the usual order; supplementary”), a learned word. The Latin adjective was formed on the phrase extrā ōrdinem (“outside the order”), that is, from…

It is inherited from Latin fātum (“prophecy; destiny”). The same Latin word is Spanish hado, Old Spanish fado as Berceo wrote it, Catalan fat and Logudorese fadu, and it was borrowed into Basque as…

It is borrowed from Spanish faisán, which itself came from Old Occitan faisan. Houaiss names the source as Provençal or Old Catalan faisan and thinks the word probably reached Portuguese through…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *fallita (“lack”), the feminine of *fallitus (“failed”), which took the place of Latin falsus, the past participle of fallō (“to deceive, to fail”). The DLP glosses…

It is inherited from Latin factīcius (“made by art, artificial”). The Latin adjective is formed from factus (“made”), the participle of faciō (“to make”), with the suffix -īcius. The noun is the…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *fīgicō (“to fix”), a frequentative of fīgō (“to drive in, fix”). The form with /n/ is not explained by the Latin: Houaiss posits a Hispanic Vulgar Latin *fincō or…

1. The word for Flemish is borrowed from Medieval Latin flamengus, derived from Dutch flaming (“native of Flanders”). Wiktionary calls it a semi-learned borrowing of flamencus and traces it to Old…

1. The word for the cake is inherited from Late Latin focācium (“bread baked in the hearth”), taken over through its plural focācia, which was understood as a feminine singular. Houaiss explains it…

It is borrowed from Latin furiōsus (“mad, raving, furious”). The Latin adjective is formed from furia (“rage, madness”) with the suffix -ōsus, and the noun in turn from furō (“to rage”). The same…

It is inherited from Latin fūsus (“spindle”). The same Latin word is Galician fuso, Spanish huso, Catalan fus, Italian fuso and Romanian fus; French replaced its Old French fus with the diminutive…

It is inherited from Latin gallīnārium (“henhouse”), a noun formed from gallīna (“hen”) with the suffix -ārium (“place for”). Wiktionary gives the old form Old Galician-Portuguese galĩeiro. The…

It is borrowed from French galoper (“to gallop”). Priberam and Michaelis instead analyse it as from Portuguese galope + -ar, the noun having come from French galop in the 14th century. The French…

It is inherited from Latin gelō (“to freeze”), through an unrecorded medieval Old Galician-Portuguese *gear. Houaiss calls it the divergent form of gelar, which Wiktionary treats as a borrowing of…

It is inherited from Latin gingīva (“gum”), written Old Galician-Portuguese gingiua in the oldest records. The same Latin word is Spanish encía, Catalan geniva, French gencive, Italian gengiva and…

It is borrowed from Latin gȳrō (“to make go round; to turn in a circle”), a learned word. Meyer-Lübke sees it as a Catalan word taken into Spanish and Portuguese. Silva Bastos and Figueiredo derive…

It is inherited from Late Latin grācula, the feminine of Latin grāculus (“jackdaw”), through a syncopated Vulgar Latin *gracla. Aurélio describes it as the Latin masculine with a change of gender in…

According to Cunha, Nascentes and Aulete it is borrowed from Old Occitan guirlanda, taken through the older form grilanda, with metathesis of the consonants. Houaiss instead takes it from Spanish…

It is a back-formation from Portuguese guiar (“to guide”). Houaiss and Cunha date the noun to the 15th century. The verb is recorded from the 13th century and comes from Medieval Latin *guidō…

It is borrowed from Latin hērōs (“hero, demigod”), from Ancient Greek ἥρως (hḗrōs, “chief, noble; demigod, hero”). Houaiss dates it to the 15th century from Cunha's slips of medieval Portuguese…

It is borrowed from Latin imperfectus (“unfinished, incomplete”), recorded from the 15th century. The Latin adjective is formed from in- (“not”) and perfectus (“finished, perfect”), the past…

It is borrowed from Latin impossibilis (“impossible”), formed in Latin from in- (“not”) and possibilis (“possible”). Nascentes calls it a semi-learned word. The Latin adjective is post-Augustan: the…

It is borrowed from Latin īnsistō (“to stand on; to press on”), with a change of conjugation. Nascentes calls it semi-learned. The Latin verb meant “to stand firm, to set foot on” and figuratively…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin interesse (“compensation; interest on money”), the infinitive of the classical verb “to be between; to matter, concern” used as a noun. Houaiss starts from the…

It is borrowed from Latin iuventūs (“youth”), first recorded in the 15th century. Nascentes calls it semi-learned and takes it from the Latin accusative, which ends in ⟨-ūtem⟩. Wiktionary also calls…

It is borrowed from Arabic لك (lakk), from Persian لاک (lāk), from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā). Corriente, Pereira and Vicente place Prakrit lakkha between the Persian and the Sanskrit forms, and…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *lacartus, a by-form of Latin lacertus (“lizard; upper arm, muscle”). The oldest texts have Old Galician-Portuguese lagarto. Houaiss notes that the word kept both…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *lacusta, the form that the Romance languages presuppose for Latin locusta (“locust; lobster”). The Latin word named both the insect and a marine crustacean…

It is inherited from Latin lar (“household god; hearth, home”). The REW counts the Portuguese word among the popular outcomes of the Latin word, beside Galician lar, Catalan llar and the Spanish…

Houaiss analyses it as formed from Portuguese lavar + -douro, on the stem of the participle lavado, and Michaelis and DELPo agree. Wiktionary, Aurélio and Porto Editora instead take it from…

It is borrowed from Latin lepra (“leprosy”), a learned word, which is from Ancient Greek λέπρα (lépra). In Greek the word named a disease that makes the skin scaly, and Wiktionary connects it with…

Houaiss analyses it as from Portuguese liberto + -ar, from the adjective meaning “freed”, which is from Latin lībertus (“freedman”) and is recorded from the 14th century. The DLP, Priberam and Porto…

It is borrowed from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn, “lemon”), which reached the Iberian Peninsula through Andalusian Arabic. The Arabic word comes from Persian لیمو (limu), and that from Sanskrit निम्बू…

According to Houaiss it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *lisius, a word of obscure origin, perhaps an expressive creation, which is shared by the languages of Iberia, southern France, the Alps and…

It is inherited from Latin lucrum (“gain, profit”), the popular form of the word whose learned doublet is lucro. Aulete's old edition took the noun from the verb lograr, itself the popular…

It is borrowed from Latin machina (“machine, engine; contrivance”), recorded from the 15th century. Nascentes and Houaiss treat it as a learned word. The Latin word is from Ancient Greek μαχανά…

It is borrowed from Italian maschera (“mask”), in its old form mascara. Houaiss dates the Italian word to 1348–1353 in that old form, and its sense “masked person” to 1529. The origin of the Italian…

It is borrowed from Latin mātrimōniālis (“of marriage”), a learned word of the 15th century. Cunha lists it under matrimônio, which Houaiss dates to the 14th century. The same Latin adjective is…

It is borrowed from Latin medicus (“physician; healing, medical”), a learned word. Houaiss notes the archaic forms Old Galician-Portuguese meje and mege, recorded in the 13th century, which…

It is borrowed from Italian milione (“million”). Houaiss thinks it probably came through French million. Cunha calls it an adaptation of the Italian word, Vieira took it from French, and Aurélio…

It is borrowed from Latin mōmentum (“movement, impulse; weight that tips a balance; short space of time”), recorded from the 15th century. Nascentes counts it among the learned words. The Latin noun…

It is borrowed from Latin mōnstrum (“portent, prodigy; monster”), a learned word. In Latin it was a word of religion: a supernatural sign that announced the will of the gods, and hence a being or…

It is borrowed from Late Latin mōtīvus (“relating to movement, moving”), an adjective that Medieval Latin already used as a noun, mōtīvum (“motive, reason”). The Latin adjective is formed from mōtus…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *nespira (“medlar”). Houaiss explains this form as an alteration of the classical Latin nespila, itself a dissimilated form of mespilum (“medlar”) that changed…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *nucāria, an adjective understood with arbor (“tree”), “the nut tree”. Houaiss calls the form Medieval Latin, Nascentes and Aurélio Vulgar Latin, and Wiktionary…

It is borrowed from Latin nōtificō (“to make known”), a learned word recorded from the 15th century. Vieira derived it from French notifier instead. The French verb was itself taken in 1314 from the…

It is a learned borrowing from Latin, but the sources name different Latin words. According to Cunha and Aurélio it is borrowed from Medieval Latin objectum, the noun of the scholastics. Houaiss…

It is borrowed from French ouest, which was first written west (1138 in Houaiss, 1140 in the DHLF) and is from Old English west. Nascentes and Aurélio also derive it from Anglo-Saxon through French…

It is borrowed from Latin operātiō (“work, labour; a working”), recorded from the 15th century. Wiktionary notes that it can also be analysed as operar with the suffix -ção, and Nascentes calls it…

It is inherited from Latin ēricius (“hedgehog”). Cunha passes through an older form erício. The initial ⟨ou-⟩ is not the regular outcome: Wiktionary allows a form Vulgar Latin *auricius, and…

It is borrowed from French pays (“region, country”), which is recorded in French from the 10th century. The French word is from Late Latin pagensis (“villager”), an adjective of Latin pāgus…

It is inherited from Late Latin pasta (“dough, paste”). Lewis & Short find the Latin word in Marcellus Empiricus, as an equivalent of the Greek. Wiktionary and the DLE derive it from Ancient Greek…

It is borrowed from Latin pausa (“pause, halt, cessation”). Nascentes calls it a learned word that reached Portuguese through Latin from Greek. The Latin noun is usually traced to Ancient Greek…