Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word esparso

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1400s spelt espersso More words from the 15th century
Borrowed from
Latin sparsus
Ultimate origin
Latin spargo
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin spargō
French épars
Italian spargere
Portuguese espargir
Romanian sparge
Spanish esparcir
Latin sparsus
Italian sparso
English sparse
Portuguese esparso
From the same root
Latin aspergō ← spargō
Latin cōnspergō ← spargō
Latin dispergō ← spargō
Latin respergō ← spargō
Romanian spargere ← sparge

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /isˈpaʁ.su/, [isˈpah.su], /esˈpaʁ.su/[1]
  • São-Paulo: /isˈpaɾ.su/, /esˈpaɾ.su/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /iʃˈpaʁ.su/, [iʃˈpaχ.su], /eʃˈpaʁ.su/[1]
  • Caipira: /isˈpaɻ.su/, /esˈpaɻ.su/[1]

Forms

esparso (feminine esparsa, masculine plural esparsos, feminine plural esparsas)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin sparsus (“scattered”), the past participle of spargō (“to scatter, sow, sprinkle”).[2][1][3][4] Wiktionary calls it a learned borrowing, Nascentes a semi-learned one.[1][5]

The inherited verb of the same Latin word is espargir, recorded from the 14th century.[6][7] Silva Bastos and Figueiredo treat the adjective as the irregular participle of that verb.[8][9] Wiktionary traces the Latin verb to Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to scatter, to jerk”).[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss's first record is a 15th-century text from Cunha's slips of medieval Portuguese, in the form espersso; he gives the general sense “that has been scattered”.[2]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau glosses it “sprinkled, spread” and gives unguento mais esparso, an ointment spread more thinly.[11] Morais in 1813 adds “loose, separate”, as in obras esparsas, scattered works not gathered in a collection.[12] The modern dictionaries add “widely known, spread about” and “thinly scattered, sparse”, as of trees in a field.[2][13][3]

Timeline

  • 1400s – first record, spelt espersso.[2]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau glosses it “sprinkled, spread”.[11]
  • 1813 – Morais adds the sense “loose”, as in obras esparsas.[12]
  • 1871–1874 – Vieira derives it from Latin sparsus.[14]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. scattered, spread here and there; spilt, poured out.[2][15][4]
  2. Not held together; loose (solto): cabelos esparsos ao vento.[2][15]
  3. Spread about, widely known: notícias esparsas.[2][15]
  4. Thinly distributed, sparse; few and far between: casas esparsas pela encosta.[2][13][1]
  5. Not gathered in a collection; separate, avulso: escritos esparsos.[3][4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. esparso
  3. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. esparso
  4. ^ a b c Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. esparso
  5. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. esparso
  6. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. espargir
  7. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. espargir
  8. ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. esparso
  9. ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 550
  10. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. espargir
  11. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. esparso
  12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 756
  13. ^ a b Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. esparso
  14. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 3, 324
  15. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. esparso

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Esparso.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/esparso. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·