vid

Forms

vid f (plural vides)^[1] Old Spanish has uite (1189, in the Fuero de Valfermoso), uid and vid.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin vītis (“grapevine; vine stock; rod”).^[1][4][5][6] The BDELC glosses the Latin word “vine (the stock or the species)” and “small rod”.^[4]

Portuguese vide, Galician vide and Asturian vide keep the final vowel that the Old Spanish form of 1189 still has; the same word is Italian vite, Sardinian bide and the old Catalan vit.^{[6][7][2][8][9]}

The Latin noun is a derivative in *-ti- of the root Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to weave, wrap”), and so first meant “weaving, twining”; Latin vieō (“to plait, weave”) and vīnum (“wine”) belong to the same root.^[10][1] Wiktionary reconstructs *wéh₁itis (“that which twines or bends; branch”), and compares the English withe.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The BDELC dates the word 1143.^[4] The earliest text in the CDH is the Fazienda de Ultra Mar (c. 1200, in a 13th-century copy), in the dream of Pharaoh's cupbearer: Sonnava que vedia una vid delante my, e avia y tres sarmyentos “I dreamt that I saw a vine before me, and there were three shoots on it”.^[3]

Semantic evolution

Alfonso X's General Estoria (1272–1275) tells how Noah found uides montesinas and uides saluages, wild vines loaded with grapes, and planted a vineyard from their shoots.^[11] The Diccionario de Autoridades describes the plant, its stock and its shoots, and calls the wild vine vid salvage.^[12] It also gives an anatomical sense, the cord that joins the foetus to the afterbirth; a chronicle of Santo Domingo of 1548 already speaks of una vid u ombligo común “a common vid or navel” in conjoined twins, and the Academy marked this sense as old in 1884.^[13][14][15]

The Academy's edition of 1884 quotes the proverb de buena vid planta la viña, y de buena madre, la hija, and that of 1899 gives the first botanical description of the plant.^[15][16] In the Americas the name was given to native species of the genus Vitis, also called parra silvestre or uva.^[17] In Judeo-Spanish vid is a word of the Bible translations; speech uses parra and parrera.^[18]

Timeline

• 1143 – first record.^[4][19]
• 1189 – uite in the Fuero de Valfermoso.^[2]
• c. 1200 – the Fazienda de Ultra Mar has vid (in a 13th-century copy).^[3]
• 1250–1279 – Alfonso X's Lapidario describes a stone marked like vines.^[11]
• 1272–1275 – the General Estoria names the wild vine.^[11]
• 1548 – first record from the Americas, in the anatomical sense.^[14]
• 1726–1739 – the Diccionario de Autoridades describes the plant and the wild vine.^[12]
• 1884 – the Academy first gives the etymology, from Latin vitis.^[15]

Meanings

Noun

1. The grapevine: a climbing perennial plant of the vitaceous family, with a twisted trunk and long, flexible, knotty shoots, whose fruit is the grape: En el patio crece una vid muy vieja.^[5][1]
2. (Americas) Any of the native American species of the genus Vitis.^[17][20]
3. (obsolete, anatomy) The umbilical cord.^[13][15]

Word family

• viduño

Related words

• viña
• vedija
• vitícola
• viticultura
• Portuguese vide

Usage notes

Vid silvestre or vid salvaje is the uncultivated vine, with small, sour grapes.^[5] Moliner's vid americana is a North American species grown as rootstock for the common vine.^[20] The abbreviation vid., Latin vide “see”, is a separate word.^[21]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Diccionario del Español Medieval electrónico (DEMel), data publication 2026 (CC BY-SA), Universität Rostock
3. ^ a b c Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE
4. ^ a b c d Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. vid
5. ^ a b c Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. vid
6. ^ a b García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. 7232
7. ^ Academia de la Llingua Asturiana (2000), Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana, Uviéu: ALLA; online at https://mas.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu, p. s.v. vide
8. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
9. ^ Coromines, Joan (1980–2001), Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana, 10 vols., Barcelona: Curial / La Caixa (online ed., Institut d'Estudis Catalans 2024), p. 9, 314
10. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
11. ^ a b c Kasten, Lloyd A.; Nitti, John J.; Gago Jover, Francisco (2002–), Diccionario de la prosa castellana del Rey Alfonso X, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (electronic edition 2024)
12. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 6, 478
13. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. s.v. vid
14. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. vid
15. ^ a b c d Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 1087
16. ^ Real Academia Española (1899), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 13th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de los Sres. Hernando y Compañía, p. 1018
17. ^ a b Santamaría, Francisco J. (1942), Diccionario general de americanismos, 3 vols., México: Pedro Robredo, p. 260
18. ^ Nehama, Joseph (1977), Dictionnaire du judéo-espagnol, Madrid: CSIC, p. s.v. vid
19. ^ Segura Munguía, Santiago (2001), Nuevo diccionario etimológico latín-español y de las voces derivadas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 845
20. ^ a b Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. vid
21. ^ Battaner Arias, Paz (dir.) (2017), Diccionario general de la lengua española VOX, Barcelona: Larousse Editorial, p. s.v. vid.