Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word sete
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1270 a document, sete dias de Janeiro More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin septem
- Ultimate origin
- Latin septem
Etymology tree
From the same root
Forms
sete m or f[1] Before a vowel Old Galician-Portuguese elided the final vowel: the Cantigas de Santa Maria have set’anos “seven years”.[2] Houaiss records set’ in the 13th century, sete in 1344, and septe and ssete in the 15th.[3] Bluteau (1712–1728), Folqman (1755) and Vieira (1871–1874) also give the spelling sette.[4][5][6]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin septem (“seven”), written Old Galician-Portuguese sete in the oldest texts.[3][7][1][8]
The same Latin word is Galician sete, Spanish siete, Catalan set, French sept, Italian sette and Romanian șapte.[9][10][1]
The Latin numeral goes back to Proto-Italic *septəm and PIE *septḿ̥ (“seven”).[1][11] The same PIE word gave ἑπτά (heptá), सप्त (saptá), седмь (sedmĭ) and seofon, whence the English word seven.[1][11]
Earliest recorded meaning
A document of 1270 is dated sete dias de Janeiro “the seventh of January”.[2] The Cantigas de Santa Maria tell of a man kept grandes set’anos “seven long years”, and the Crónica Troiana of a fleet that sailed sete dias without wind.[2]
Semantic evolution
Barbosa (1611) lists sete vezes “seven times” and Sete estrelo, the Pleiades.[12] Bluteau (1712–1728) records sete a levar, a term of the card game banca, and Morais (1813) adds the noun: the point seven at dice, the cards with seven pips, the card game os setes, and the phrase aventurar sua pessoa a qualquer sete “to risk oneself lightly”.[4][13]
In Brazil pintar o sete “to paint the seven” came to mean “to get up to mischief”, recorded by Silva Bastos in 1912.[14][3] Modern dictionaries add a mark of seven in an exam.[15][16] Macanese has séti, and the Kadiwéu of Brazil borrowed the word as seete.[1]
Timeline
- 1270 – sete dias de Janeiro in a dated document.[2]
- 13th century – the elided set’ in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[3][2]
- 1344 – the spelling sete.[3]
- 1416 – sete in the Vida de Santo Aleixo Confessor.[17]
- 15th century – the spellings septe and ssete.[3]
- 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary heads the word Sete.[18]
- 1611 – Barbosa lists Sete estrelo, the Pleiades.[12]
- 1712–1728 – Bluteau records sete a levar in the game of banca.[4]
- 1813 – Morais adds the noun senses of dice and cards.[13]
- 1912 – Silva Bastos records the Brazilian pintar o sete.[14]
Meanings
Numeral
- seven, six plus one: Ficou sete dias no hospital.[3][19][16][1]
- Seventh in a series: a página sete.[3][19]
Noun
- The number seven and the figure that writes it (7, VII).[3][19][1]
- A playing card with seven pips.[15][20][1]
- A mark of seven in an exam.[15][16]
Word family
- setecentos
Related words
Usage notes
Pintar o sete “to get up to mischief; to have a wild time” is Brazilian; the old Caldas Aulete gives pintar a manta as its equivalent.[3][15] For the idea of “seven”, learned words use the prefixes hebdo-, hept(a)- and set-.[3]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. sete
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. sete
- ^ a b c Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sete
- ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sete
- ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 515
- ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. sete
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. sete
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7830
- ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. septem
- ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sete
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 696
- ^ a b Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. sete
- ^ a b c d Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. sete
- ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. sete
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. sete
- ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sete
- ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. sete
- ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 8456
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Sete.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/sete. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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