Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word sete

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1270 a document, sete dias de Janeiro More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin septem
Ultimate origin
Latin septem
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin septem
Catalan set
French sept
Italian sette
Portuguese sete
Romanian șapte
Spanish siete
From the same root
Latin September ← septem
Latin septendecim ← septem
Latin septentrio ← septem
Latin septenus ← septem
Latin septies ← septem
Latin septingenti ← septem
Italian diciassette ← sette

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ˈsɛ.t͡ʃi/[1]
  • Portugal: /ˈsɛ.tɨ/[1]
  • Northeast-Brazil: /ˈsɛ.tɪ/, /sɛtʲ/[1]

Forms

sete m or f[1] Before a vowel Old Galician-Portuguese elided the final vowel: the Cantigas de Santa Maria have set’anos “seven years”.[2] Houaiss records set’ in the 13th century, sete in 1344, and septe and ssete in the 15th.[3] Bluteau (1712–1728), Folqman (1755) and Vieira (1871–1874) also give the spelling sette.[4][5][6]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin septem (“seven”), written Old Galician-Portuguese sete in the oldest texts.[3][7][1][8]

The same Latin word is Galician sete, Spanish siete, Catalan set, French sept, Italian sette and Romanian șapte.[9][10][1]

The Latin numeral goes back to Proto-Italic *septəm and PIE *septḿ̥ (“seven”).[1][11] The same PIE word gave ἑπτά (heptá), सप्त (saptá), седмь (sedmĭ) and seofon, whence the English word seven.[1][11]

Earliest recorded meaning

A document of 1270 is dated sete dias de Janeiro “the seventh of January”.[2] The Cantigas de Santa Maria tell of a man kept grandes set’anos “seven long years”, and the Crónica Troiana of a fleet that sailed sete dias without wind.[2]

Semantic evolution

Barbosa (1611) lists sete vezes “seven times” and Sete estrelo, the Pleiades.[12] Bluteau (1712–1728) records sete a levar, a term of the card game banca, and Morais (1813) adds the noun: the point seven at dice, the cards with seven pips, the card game os setes, and the phrase aventurar sua pessoa a qualquer sete “to risk oneself lightly”.[4][13]

In Brazil pintar o sete “to paint the seven” came to mean “to get up to mischief”, recorded by Silva Bastos in 1912.[14][3] Modern dictionaries add a mark of seven in an exam.[15][16] Macanese has séti, and the Kadiwéu of Brazil borrowed the word as seete.[1]

Timeline

  • 1270 – sete dias de Janeiro in a dated document.[2]
  • 13th century – the elided set’ in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[3][2]
  • 1344 – the spelling sete.[3]
  • 1416 – sete in the Vida de Santo Aleixo Confessor.[17]
  • 15th century – the spellings septe and ssete.[3]
  • 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary heads the word Sete.[18]
  • 1611 – Barbosa lists Sete estrelo, the Pleiades.[12]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau records sete a levar in the game of banca.[4]
  • 1813 – Morais adds the noun senses of dice and cards.[13]
  • 1912 – Silva Bastos records the Brazilian pintar o sete.[14]

Meanings

Numeral

  1. seven, six plus one: Ficou sete dias no hospital.[3][19][16][1]
  2. Seventh in a series: a página sete.[3][19]

Noun

  1. The number seven and the figure that writes it (7, VII).[3][19][1]
  2. A playing card with seven pips.[15][20][1]
  3. A mark of seven in an exam.[15][16]

Word family

  • setecentos

Usage notes

Pintar o sete “to get up to mischief; to have a wild time” is Brazilian; the old Caldas Aulete gives pintar a manta as its equivalent.[3][15] For the idea of “seven”, learned words use the prefixes hebdo-, hept(a)- and set-.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. sete
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. sete
  4. ^ a b c Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sete
  5. ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sete
  6. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 515
  7. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. sete
  8. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. sete
  9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7830
  10. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. septem
  11. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  12. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sete
  13. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 696
  14. ^ a b Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. sete
  15. ^ a b c d Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. sete
  16. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. sete
  17. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. sete
  18. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sete
  19. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. sete
  20. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 8456

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Sete.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/sete. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·