Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word sempre

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin semper
Ultimate origin
Latin semper
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin semper
Italian sempre
Portuguese sempre
Spanish siempre
From the same root
Latin sempiternus ← semper

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ˈsẽ.pɾi/[1]
  • Portugal: /ˈsẽ.pɾɨ/[1]

Forms

sempre (not comparable)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin semper (“always”), written Old Galician-Portuguese sempre and senpre in the oldest texts.[2][3][4][1]

The same Latin word is Galician sempre, Spanish siempre, Catalan sempre, Occitan sempre, Italian sempre and Sardinian semper; Old French sempres and Old Occitan sempre meant “at once”.[5][1] The Latin adverb is formed from *sem (“one”) and the suffix -per of paulisper and tantisper.[6][1] Wiktionary takes the first part back to Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”), the root of Latin semel (“once”).[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The adverb is recorded from the 13th century.[2][3] The Cantigas de Santa Maria have un seu lais senpre dizia “he always sang a lay of his”, and the cantigas d'amigo use it in por sempre “for ever”.[7]

Semantic evolution

Beside “at all times, for ever”, the medieval language used the word for “constantly”, and the phrases por sempre and para sempre “for ever” go back to the cantigas.[7][8] Bluteau in 1712 gives para sempre and the phrase “water that always runs”, Latin aqua perennis.[9] Morais in 1813 records it after a preposition, as in para todo sempre.[10] Modern senses add “anyway, all the same” and “after all, at last”, and the word is used as a noun for all time past or future.[2][11][12] In Angola sempre não means “never”.[13]

Timeline

  • 13th century – sempre and senpre in the cantigas.[2][3][7]
  • 14th century – the spelling ssepre.[2]
  • c. 1430 – first record in the CTA corpus, in the Horto do Esposo (copied 1390–1437).[14]
  • 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary glosses it with Latin semper.[15]
  • 1611 – Barbosa lists pera sempre “for ever”.[16]

Meanings

Adverb

  1. always: at all times, for ever; eternally.[2][11][1]
  2. Constantly, without stopping; every time without exception.[2][11]
  3. Very often, as a rule, usually.[2][1]
  4. In any case, all the same, nevertheless.[2][11]
  5. After all, at last; really, indeed.[11][12]

Noun

  1. All time, past or future: para todo o sempre “for ever and ever”.[12][13][1]

Word family

  • sempre-viva

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. sempre
  3. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. sempre
  4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. sempre
  5. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7814
  6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. semper
  7. ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. sempre
  8. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. sempre
  9. ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sempre
  10. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 685
  11. ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. sempre
  12. ^ a b c Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. sempre
  13. ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 8400
  14. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. sempre
  15. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sempre
  16. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sempre

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Sempre.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/sempre. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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