residir

Forms

residir (first-person singular present resido, first-person singular preterite residí, past participle residido)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin resideō (“to remain seated; to stay, remain”).^[2][3][4] The Latin verb is formed with re- and sedeō (“to sit”).^[5][1][6] In Medieval Latin it also meant to dwell, to be resident, and to keep the residence required by an office.^[7] Corominas treats it with the learned words of the family of sentar, beside residuo and residencia.^[4]

The same Latin verb is Catalan residir and French résider.^[8]

The Latin base verb goes back to Proto-Italic *sedē- and the stative Proto-Indo-European *sed-eh₁- (“to be seated”); cognates are Old Irish saidid (“sits”), Ancient Greek ἕζομαι (hézomai, “to sit down”) and Lithuanian sėdėti (“to sit”).^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Corominas dates it from Nebrija, about 1495, who glosses residir as hazer residencia.^[4][2] The CDH has it a century earlier, in Fernández de Heredia's Gran crónica de España of 1376–1391, where men are left to stay in a captured town.^[10][11]

Semantic evolution

Early records often concern the residence of officials: a 1414 ordinance for Zaragoza requires an officer to reside in the city in person, and the Cortes of 1425 speak of judges who have completed their term of residence.^[10] In the Americas the word is recorded from 1529, of treasury officials residing in their posts.^[12] Covarrubias defines it as staying in a place as a householder.^[13] The Diccionario de Autoridades adds its use for immaterial things, as with a power that resides in a person, and Terreros the moral sense, with virtues residing in the heart or brain.^[14][15] The Academy's 1817 edition adds the sense of residing where one's office or benefice requires.^[16] The DLE also has the sense “to lie, consist in”, of the heart of a matter.^[3]

Timeline

• 1376–1391 – first record, in Fernández de Heredia's Gran crónica de España.^[10]
• 1414 – an ordinance for Zaragoza on an officer's personal residence.^[10]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija glosses it hazer residencia;^[17] Corominas's first record.^[4][17]
• 1529 – the first record from the Americas, in Nicaragua.^[12]
• 1611 – Covarrubias defines it.^[13]
• 1737 – the Diccionario de Autoridades applies it to immaterial things.^[14]
• 1817 – the Academy adds the residence required by an office or benefice.^[16]
• 1884 – the Academy gives the Latin etymology.^[18]

Meanings

Verb

1. (intransitive) To reside, to live in a place: Desde hace años reside en Valencia.^[3][1]
2. (intransitive) Of a person: to reside in a place because of one's post, dignity or benefice, carrying out its duties.^[3]
3. (intransitive) Of something immaterial, such as a right or power: to lie with a person: La última palabra reside en el consejo.^[3][19]
4. (intransitive) Of the heart of a matter: to lie, consist in something: Su encanto reside en la sencillez.^[3][19][1]

Word family

• residente
• residencia

Related words

• residuo
• sentar
• Catalan residir
• French résider

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. residir
3. ^ a b c d e f Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. residir
4. ^ a b c d Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 5, 205
5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
6. ^ Gómez de Silva, Guido (1988), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua española, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica / El Colegio de México
7. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
8. ^ Echegaray, Eduardo de (1887–1889), Diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, 5 vols., Madrid: José María Faquineto
9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
10. ^ a b c d Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. residir
11. ^ Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv
12. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies
13. ^ a b Covarrubias Orozco, Sebastián de (1611), Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española, Madrid: Luis Sánchez (Biblioteca Wordkers transcription, CC BY 4.0), p. 1260
14. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 5, 593
15. ^ Terreros y Pando, Esteban de (1786–1793), Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias y artes y sus correspondientes de las tres lenguas francesa, latina e italiana, 4 vols., Madrid: Viuda de Ibarra, p. 3, 356
16. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1817), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 5th ed., Madrid: Imprenta Real
17. ^ a b Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 409
18. ^ Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies)
19. ^ a b Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. residir