remuneração

Forms

remuneração f (plural remunerações)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin remūnerātiō (“repayment, recompense”), formed in Latin on remūneror (“to repay, reward”).^[2][3][1][4] Nascentes calls it semi-learned;^[1] Wiktionary also analyses it as formed from Portuguese remunerar + -ção.^[5][1] The Latin verb is formed on mūnus (“duty; gift”), which de Vaan traces to a noun *moi-no-.^[6][7]

The same Latin noun gave Galician remuneración, Spanish remuneración, Catalan remuneració, French rémunération and Italian rimunerazione.^[1][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss's first record is from 1460, spelt remuneraçom, for a reward given for a service or favour.^[2][3]

Semantic evolution

Morais (1789) defines it as the act of remunerating and as a recompense, reward or prize.^[9] The original Caldas Aulete already lists salary and fees beside the reward, and that is the main sense today: the DLP puts payment for professional services first, and adds an economic sense “income, profit”.^[10][11] In Brazilian law Michaelis records it for the variable part of a civil servant's pay.^[12]

Timeline

• 1460 – first record, spelt remuneraçom.^[2]
• 15th century – also remuneraçaõ and remuneraçõ.^[2]
• 1745 – a private letter of that year or earlier writes remuneração.^[13]
• 1789 – Morais defines it as a recompense or prize.^[9]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act or result of remunerating.^[2][14]
2. A reward or recompense for a service or favour; a prize.^[2][14][1]
3. Payment, usually in money, for work done; salary, fees, remuneration.^[2][11][1]
4. (economics) Income, profit.^[11]
5. (Brazil, law) The variable part of a civil servant's pay, beside the fixed salary.^[12]

Related words

• remunerar
• remunerador
• Latin remūnerātiō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. remuneração
3. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. remuneração
4. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. remūnerātiō
5. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. remuneração
6. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
7. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. rémunérer
8. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. remuneración
9. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 320
10. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. remuneração
11. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. remuneração
12. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. remuneração
13. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. remuneração
14. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. remuneração