protocolo

Forms

protocolo m (plural protocolos)^[1] Houaiss records portacolo in 1712, protocollo in 1720 and protocolo in 1836.^[2] Bluteau heads the word protocollo and notes the popular form portacollo.^[3] The REW cites an old Portuguese protacolo.^[4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French protocole, according to Houaiss, Cunha and Nascentes, and the French word is from Medieval Latin protocollum.^[2][5][6] The DLP and Vieira derive it directly from the Medieval Latin word, as Figueiredo did according to Nascentes, and the early spellings of Bluteau's time show the notarial word before the French diplomatic senses arrived.^[7][8][9][3] In the computing sense the DLP takes it from English protocol.^[7]

The Medieval Latin word meant a notary's record from 945, an original deed from 1166 and a chancery register from the 14th century.^[2][10] The French word is recorded from 1330.^[2][10] It is πρωτόκολλον (prōtókollon), the first sheet glued to a papyrus roll or charter, on which its contents and marks of authenticity were written.^[6][11][1] The Greek compound is made of πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) and κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).^[2][1] The same Latin word is Italian protocollo and Spanish protocolo.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Cunha dates the word to the 17th century, and Houaiss's first record is from 1712.^[5][2] Bluteau's dictionary explains it as the book in which a notary first writes down his deeds.^[3]

Semantic evolution

Morais (1789) also has the book in which court officials record the handing over of case files to lawyers.^[12] According to Nascentes, the modern senses “preliminary memorandum” and “rules of etiquette in official ceremonies” grew up in France and spread with the dominance of French after the Peace of Nijmegen (1678).^[6] French records the record of a diplomatic conference in 1823 and diplomatic protocol in 1859.^[2] Vieira already describes the protocol of a diplomatic conference.^[8] In Brazil the word also names the office that registers incoming documents and the receipt it issues.^[2] The computing sense, a set of rules for data transmission, is the most recent.^[2][7]

Timeline

• 945 – Medieval Latin protocollum “notary's record”.^[2]
• 1330 – French prothocole.^[10]
• 17th century – Cunha's date for the Portuguese word.^[5]
• 1712 – Bluteau's dictionary heads protocollo, noting the popular portacollo.^[3][2]
• 1789 – Morais records the court officials' register.^[12]
• 1836 – the spelling protocolo.^[2]
• 1871–1874 – Vieira records the diplomatic sense.^[8]

Meanings

Noun

1. (history) The seal the ancient Romans put on records of public acts.^[2][13]
2. A record of official acts; in the Middle Ages, the register of public acts; the record of court hearings or of a diplomatic conference; the register of a firm's or office's correspondence.^[2][14]
3. (Brazil) The receipt showing the date and number under which a document was registered, and the office where this is done.^[2]
4. The rules governing official ceremonies and diplomacy; etiquette, formality: O embaixador quebrou o protocolo ao abraçar o rei.^[2][15][1]
5. An agreement between states, less formal than a treaty (tratado); a preliminary draft of an agreement.^[2][15]
6. (computing) A set of rules for the transmission of data between computers.^[2][7]

Related words

• Medieval Latin protocollum
• French protocole
• Spanish protocolo

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. protocolo
3. ^ a b c d Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. protocollo
4. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 6792
5. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. protocolo
6. ^ a b c Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. protocolo
7. ^ a b c d Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. protocolo
8. ^ a b c Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 991
9. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 420
10. ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. protocole
11. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. protocollum
12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 258
13. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. protocolo
14. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. protocolo
15. ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 7551