Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word prefeito

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1300s spelt prefecto More words from the 14th century
Inherited from
Latin praefectus
Ultimate origin
Latin praeficiō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin faciō
Aromanian fac
Catalan fer
French faire
Italian fare
Portuguese fazer
Romanian face
Spanish hacer
Latin praeficiō
Latin praefectus
Portuguese prefeito
English prefect
French préfet
Spanish prefecto
From the same root
English surfeit ← faciō
French affaire ← faciō
French défaire ← faciō
Latin afficiō ← faciō
Latin assuefacio ← faciō
Latin calefaciō ← faciō
Latin clārificus ← faciō
Latin commonefaciō ← faciō
Latin cōnficiō ← faciō
Latin dēficiō ← faciō
Latin disfaciō ← faciō
Latin efficiō ← faciō
Latin facessō ← faciō
Latin facibilis ← faciō
Latin facienda ← faciō
Latin faciēs ← faciō
Latin facilis ← faciō
Latin facinus ← faciō
Latin factiō ← faciō
Latin factitō ← faciō
Latin factor ← faciō
Latin factūra ← faciō
Latin factus ← faciō
Latin fortificō ← faciō
Latin frīgefactō ← faciō
Latin īnficiō ← faciō
Latin interficiō ← faciō
Latin iūstificō ← faciō
Latin labefaciō ← faciō
Latin liquefaciō ← faciō
See all derived words →

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /pɾeˈfej.tu/, [pɾeˈfeɪ̯.tu][1]
  • Portugal: /pɾɨˈfɐj.tu/[1]
  • Northern, Portugal: /pɾɨˈfej.tu/[1]
  • Central, Portugal: /pɾɨˈfej.tu/[1]

Forms

prefeito m (plural prefeitos, feminine prefeita, feminine plural prefeitas)[1] The 14th-century texts write prefeito, prefecto, perfecto and perfeyto.[2][3] Bluteau notes that prefeito is the usual form and prefecto is kept for the prefects of Rome.[4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin praefectus (“overseer, governor, commander”), written Old Galician-Portuguese prefeito and prefecto in the oldest texts.[2][3][1] Nascentes calls it semi-learned;[5][1] Wiktionary calls it a borrowing.[5][1]

The Latin noun is the past participle of praeficiō (“to put in charge”).[6][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lorenzo's chronology quotes a 14th-century text: quando esleen a alguu por prefecto do uriente “when they elect someone prefect of the East”.[7] The first sense is the Roman official.[7][2]

Semantic evolution

Pereira in 1697 equates it with presidente.[8] Morais in 1789 gives the Roman magistrate or governor, the keeper of a library and the prelate of several religious orders.[9] Vieira adds the head of a French department and the prefect of the praetorium.[10] The original Aulete has the school supervisor who watched over the pupils, and as a Brazilian sense the head of the municipality, for which it notes the older intendente.[11] The DLP adds the heads of the Vatican congregations, police chiefs in some countries and magistrates of some Swiss cantons.[12]

Timeline

  • 14th century – first records, as prefecto and perfeyto.[2][3][7]
  • 1697 – Pereira glosses it praefectus.[8]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau prefers prefeito to prefecto.[4]
  • 1763 – a private letter uses the word.[13]
  • 1789 – Morais lists the Roman, library and monastic senses.[9]
  • 1871–1874 – Vieira adds the French departmental prefect.[10]

Meanings

Noun

  1. (Brazil) mayor: the head of the executive of a municipality (município): A prefeita inaugurou a nova escola.[2][12][14][1]
  2. (history) A prefect: the head of a prefecture in the Roman Empire.[2][14]
  3. The prefect of a department of France.[2][14][12]
  4. The superior of a convent or religious community.[2][12]
  5. (dated) A school official who supervises the pupils.[2][15]
  6. (Catholicism) The head of a congregation of the Roman curia.[12][15]
  7. A magistrate in some Swiss cantons; a police chief in some countries.[12][15]

Word family

Usage notes

The sense “mayor” is Brazilian.[2][12] Priberam warns against confusing the word with perfeito, and in Portuguese dialects prefeito is also heard for perfeito.[16][17] As a surname, Nascentes says, it began as a nickname.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. prefeito
  3. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. prefeito
  4. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. prefeito
  5. ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. prefeito
  6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. praefectus
  7. ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. prefecto
  8. ^ a b Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. prefeito
  9. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 233
  10. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 899
  11. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. prefeito
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. prefeito
  13. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. prefeito
  14. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. prefeito
  15. ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 7422
  16. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. prefeito
  17. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. prefeito
  18. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1952), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 2: Nomes próprios, Rio de Janeiro, p. s.v. prefeito

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Prefeito.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/prefeito. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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