Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word precioso
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin pretiosus
- Ultimate origin
- Proto-Indo-European *preti
Etymology tree
From the same root
Forms
precioso (feminine preciosa, masculine plural preciosos, feminine plural preciosas, metaphonic)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote precioso and preçioso, and Houaiss records preciossos in the 14th century and priçioso and prectiosa in the 15th.[2][3] The masculine plural preciosos has open /ɔ/.[4][1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin pretiōsus (“costly, valuable”), written Old Galician-Portuguese precioso in the oldest texts, also with ⟨ç⟩.[2][5][3][1] Nascentes calls it a semi-learned word, and Wiktionary a borrowing from Latin.[6][1] The inherited outcome of the Latin noun pretium (“price, value”) is preço.[5][7]
The Latin adjective is formed from that noun with the suffix -ōsus.[8][1] De Vaan traces the noun to Proto-Italic *preti-o- (“exchange value”), from Proto-Indo-European *preti (“against”), the source also of Sanskrit प्रति (práti) and Ancient Greek προτί (protí).[9][1]
The same Latin adjective is Spanish precioso, Catalan preciós, French précieux, Italian prezioso and Romanian prețios.[1]
Earliest recorded meaning
A Latin charter of 1068 already has et Iª lapide preciosa “and one precious stone”.[3] In Galician-Portuguese the word appears in the Cantigas de Santa Maria of the 13th century, in praise of the Virgin: en loar sa preciosa virgĩidade “in praising her precious virginity” and a Virgen preçiosa “the precious Virgin”.[3][5] The same songs use a Preciosa as a name of the Virgin.[3]
Semantic evolution
The first senses are “of great price” and “sumptuous”, both already in the medieval language.[5] Bluteau's dictionary has pedra preciosa “precious stone”, uses precioso of food “excellent to the taste”, as in uva preciosa, and explains the mitra preciosa of bishops as one embroidered with gold.[10] Silva Bastos (1912) records the figurative sense “conceited, affected”, which the modern dictionaries keep for a mannered style.[11][12][2]
Modern Portuguese also uses the word for what is very useful or hard to replace, such as help or time.[2][13] Wiktionary records a noun use, “precious, loved one”.[1]
Timeline
- 1068 – a Latin charter has lapide preciosa.[3]
- 13th century – preciosa and preçiosa in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[3][5]
- 14th century – preciosos, preçiosas and preciossos.[2]
- 15th century – priçioso and prectiosa.[2]
- 1491 – precioso in the Vida de Santo Elói.[14]
- 17th century – first record of preciosidade.[5]
- 1712–1728 – Bluteau lists pedra preciosa and mitra preciosa.[10]
- 1720 – the spelling priciosa in a private letter.[15]
- 1871–1874 – Vieira derives it from Latin pretiosus.[16]
- 1912 – Silva Bastos records the sense “affected”.[11]
Meanings
Adjective
- Of high price or great value; precious: metais preciosos, pedra preciosa.[2][12][1]
- Magnificent, sumptuous.[2][12]
- Highly prized; dear: Guardava as cartas da avó como um tesouro precioso.[2][17]
- Very useful; of great importance: um conselho precioso.[2][13]
- Scarce and not to be wasted: Cada minuto era precioso.[2]
- Delicate, very fine and beautiful.[13][18]
- Affected, mannered: uma prosa preciosa.[2][12]
Noun
- A loved one, a darling.[1]
Word family
- preciosidade
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. precioso
- ^ a b c d e f g Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. precioso
- ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. precioso
- ^ a b c d e f Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. precioso
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. precioso
- ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. pretium
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. pretiosus
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. precioso
- ^ a b Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. precioso
- ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. precioso
- ^ a b c Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. precioso
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. precioso
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. precioso
- ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 893
- ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. precioso
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. precioso
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Precioso.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/precioso. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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