Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word precioso

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin pretiosus
Ultimate origin
Proto-Indo-European *preti
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin pretium
Catalan preu
Italian pregio
Italian prezzo
Old French pris
French prix
English price
English prize
German Preis
Portuguese preço
Romanian preț
Spanish precio
Latin pretiōsus
Portuguese precioso
French précieux
Italian prezioso
Romanian prețios
Spanish precioso
From the same root
Latin appretiō ← pretium
Latin dēpretiō ← pretium
Latin pretiō ← pretium
English pricey ← price

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /pɾe.siˈo.zu/, /pɾeˈsjo.zu/[1]
  • Portugal: /pɾɨˈsjo.zu/[1]

Forms

precioso (feminine preciosa, masculine plural preciosos, feminine plural preciosas, metaphonic)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote precioso and preçioso, and Houaiss records preciossos in the 14th century and priçioso and prectiosa in the 15th.[2][3] The masculine plural preciosos has open /ɔ/.[4][1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin pretiōsus (“costly, valuable”), written Old Galician-Portuguese precioso in the oldest texts, also with ⟨ç⟩.[2][5][3][1] Nascentes calls it a semi-learned word, and Wiktionary a borrowing from Latin.[6][1] The inherited outcome of the Latin noun pretium (“price, value”) is preço.[5][7]

The Latin adjective is formed from that noun with the suffix -ōsus.[8][1] De Vaan traces the noun to Proto-Italic *preti-o- (“exchange value”), from Proto-Indo-European *preti (“against”), the source also of Sanskrit प्रति (práti) and Ancient Greek προτί (protí).[9][1]

The same Latin adjective is Spanish precioso, Catalan preciós, French précieux, Italian prezioso and Romanian prețios.[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

A Latin charter of 1068 already has et Iª lapide preciosa “and one precious stone”.[3] In Galician-Portuguese the word appears in the Cantigas de Santa Maria of the 13th century, in praise of the Virgin: en loar sa preciosa virgĩidade “in praising her precious virginity” and a Virgen preçiosa “the precious Virgin”.[3][5] The same songs use a Preciosa as a name of the Virgin.[3]

Semantic evolution

The first senses are “of great price” and “sumptuous”, both already in the medieval language.[5] Bluteau's dictionary has pedra preciosa “precious stone”, uses precioso of food “excellent to the taste”, as in uva preciosa, and explains the mitra preciosa of bishops as one embroidered with gold.[10] Silva Bastos (1912) records the figurative sense “conceited, affected”, which the modern dictionaries keep for a mannered style.[11][12][2]

Modern Portuguese also uses the word for what is very useful or hard to replace, such as help or time.[2][13] Wiktionary records a noun use, “precious, loved one”.[1]

Timeline

  • 1068 – a Latin charter has lapide preciosa.[3]
  • 13th century – preciosa and preçiosa in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[3][5]
  • 14th century – preciosos, preçiosas and preciossos.[2]
  • 15th century – priçioso and prectiosa.[2]
  • 1491 – precioso in the Vida de Santo Elói.[14]
  • 17th century – first record of preciosidade.[5]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau lists pedra preciosa and mitra preciosa.[10]
  • 1720 – the spelling priciosa in a private letter.[15]
  • 1871–1874 – Vieira derives it from Latin pretiosus.[16]
  • 1912 – Silva Bastos records the sense “affected”.[11]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Of high price or great value; precious: metais preciosos, pedra preciosa.[2][12][1]
  2. Magnificent, sumptuous.[2][12]
  3. Highly prized; dear: Guardava as cartas da avó como um tesouro precioso.[2][17]
  4. Very useful; of great importance: um conselho precioso.[2][13]
  5. Scarce and not to be wasted: Cada minuto era precioso.[2]
  6. Delicate, very fine and beautiful.[13][18]
  7. Affected, mannered: uma prosa preciosa.[2][12]

Noun

  1. A loved one, a darling.[1]

Word family

  • preciosidade

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. precioso
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. precioso
  4. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. precioso
  5. ^ a b c d e f Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. precioso
  6. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. precioso
  7. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. pretium
  8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. pretiosus
  9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  10. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. precioso
  11. ^ a b Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. precioso
  12. ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. precioso
  13. ^ a b c Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. precioso
  14. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. precioso
  15. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. precioso
  16. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 893
  17. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. precioso
  18. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. precioso

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Precioso.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/precioso. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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