prémio

Forms

prémio m (plural prémios)^[1] prémio is the spelling of Portugal.^[1][2] Brazil writes prêmio, with the closed vowel of its pronunciation.^[1][2] Houaiss records the old forms premja (14th century), premio and premeo (15th century).^[3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin praemium (“booty; reward”), first written Old Galician-Portuguese premja in the 14th century.^[3][1][4] The DDGM glossary of that chronicle explains the form from the plural of the Latin word.^[5] The same Latin word gave Spanish premio, Catalan premi and Italian premio.^[6] Corominas treats the Spanish word as a learned borrowing, first recorded about 1440.^[7][8]

The Latin noun is formed from prae- (“before”) and emō (“to take, buy”), originally “what one has taken before others”, the share of booty.^[9][10][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The 14th-century Crónica Geral tells of the good end que llj Deus quiso dar en premja de seu traballamento “that God wished to give him as a reward for his toil”.^[5] The first sense is thus “reward”.^[5][3]

Semantic evolution

Cardoso (1569) and Barbosa (1611) gloss the word simply as Latin praemium.^[11][12] Bluteau defined it as the prize given to the winner of a contest of body or wit, recalling the Olympic games and the academies, and generally as any reward.^[13] Morais (1789) added the winnings of a lottery.^[14]

Commercial senses followed: Caldas Aulete records the Brazilian pôr dinheiro a prêmio “to lend money at interest”, and modern dictionaries list the insurance premium, the agio paid above a share's face value and the bonus offered with a purchase.^[15][3][16]

Timeline

• 14th century – premja “reward” in the Crónica Geral.^[5][3]
• 15th century – the spellings premio and premeo.^[3]
• 1525 – premio in the Memorial da Infanta Santa Joana (a witness from after 1525).^[17]
• 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary glosses premio with Latin premium.^[11]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau defines the prize given to the victors of games and academies.^[13]
• 1789 – Morais records the sense “lottery prize”.^[14]

Meanings

Noun

1. A reward or payment for a service rendered or for merit.^[3][16][2]
2. A prize given to the winner of a contest, competition or game: Recebeu o primeiro prémio do concurso de fotografia.^[16][18][1]
3. A distinction, often with a sum of money, awarded for scientific, literary or artistic work.^[3][19][16]
4. Money or goods won in a lottery or raffle.^[3][20]
5. (insurance) The premium the insured pays to the insurer.^[3][16][18]
6. (finance) Interest; the agio paid above the nominal price of a share or bond.^[3][18]
7. (marketing) A gift or bonus offered to a customer on a purchase.^[3]

Word family

• premiar
• premiado
• premiação
• premiador

Related words

• Latin praemium
• Spanish premio

Usage notes

A prémio de consolação is a consolation prize, of small or symbolic value.^[3][1] Aurélio enters prémio as the form usual in Portugal and defines the word under prêmio.^[2]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. prêmio
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. prêmio
4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. prémio
5. ^ a b c d Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. premja
6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 6721
7. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 4, 637
8. ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. premio
9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. praemium
10. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. praemium
11. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. premio
12. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. premio
13. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. premio
14. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 235
15. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. prêmio
16. ^ a b c d e Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. prémio
17. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. premio
18. ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 7436
19. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. prémio
20. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. prêmio