premiu

Forms

premiu n (plural premii)^[1]

Etymology

It is a learned borrowed from Latin praemium (“reward, prize”).^{[2][3][4][5][1]} MDA2 and Tiktin add borrowed from German Prämie as a second model, and Marcu and Maneca compare Italian premio.^[6][7][4] Ciorănescu dates the word to the 19th century.^[2]

The Latin noun is formed prae- (“before”) and emō (“to take, buy”): “what one has got before or better than others”.^[8][9][1] The German word comes from the Latin plural praemia, taken as a feminine singular.^[10][11]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1742.^[7] MDA2 has it from an economic document of before 1811.^[6] Old forms include premie, premium and premion.^[7][6]

Semantic evolution

In the early 19th century the word belonged above all to the school: DLR quotes the newspaper Curierul românesc of 1829 and 1832 on prizes handed out to the most diligent pupils.^[12] The wider sense “reward or distinction for special merit, at a competition and the like” is now the main one.^[3][6] Two senses have gone out of use: an insurance premium, and a share due to someone from a sum of money, in the form premion.^[6] Costinescu (1870) also knew it as a lottery bonus.^[13] Plurals varied: beside premii, older premiuri and premie are recorded.^[6][14]

Timeline

• 1742 – the first record that Tiktin gives.^[7]
• before 1811 – premiu in an economic document.^[6]
• 1829 – school prizes given to pupils, in Curierul românesc.^[12]
• 1862 – Pontbriant records it with the plural premiuri.^[14]
• 1870 – Costinescu adds the sense of a lottery bonus.^[13]

Meanings

Noun

1. A prize or reward, material or honorary, given to someone for special merit or success in a field, at a competition and the like.^[3][6][1]
2. A distinction given at the end of the school year to the pupils with the best results.^[3][6]
3. (obsolete) An insurance premium.^[6]

Word family

• premiant
• premia

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. premiu
3. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 868
4. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. premiu
5. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. premiu
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 520
7. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. premiu
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
10. ^ Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
11. ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, p. 720
12. ^ a b Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. premiu
13. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 342
14. ^ a b Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 577