Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word perseguir
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1300s spelt persegues More words from the 14th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *persequo
- Ultimate origin
- Latin sequor
Pronunciation
Forms
perseguir (first-person singular present persigo, third-person singular present persegue, first-person singular preterite persegui, past participle perseguido)[1] Fourteenth-century texts have persegues, persegindo, pesseguiam and persiguir; the 15th century has perçeguyr, persigua and persiiguindo.[2][3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *persequō, the active form that replaced Latin persequor (“to follow persistently, pursue”), a deponent verb.[2][3][1] Houaiss reconstructs the Vulgar Latin verb as *persequō, *persequere.[2] Cunha, Nascentes, Aurélio and the DLP give the infinitive *persequere, standing for the classical deponent infinitive, and Wiktionary *persequīre, with the change of conjugation that the Portuguese ending -ir shows.[2][3][4][5][6][1] The simple verb seguir took the same path from the deponent sequor (“to follow”).[7]
The Latin verb is formed from per- (“through”) and the same simple verb.[1][8] The same verb is Galician perseguir, Spanish perseguir, Catalan perseguir and Italian perseguire.[1]
Semantic evolution
Cardoso (1569) and Barbosa (1611) render it with Latin persequor, and Barbosa also with insector “to harass”.[9][10] Morais (1789) lists going after someone, then troubling and tormenting them in every way, perseguir de morte for seeking someone's death, and asking with importunity.[11] Feijó (1734) notes the irregular present persigo, persegues, like firo, feres.[12]
Modern dictionaries keep these senses and add the persecution of a group, as of the Christians in ancient Rome, and the pursuit of an aim or ideal.[2][13] The derivative perseguição is older than the verb's own first record: Cunha cites perseguçon from the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[3]
Timeline
- 14th century – first records of the verb, persegues and persiguir.[2][3]
- 1556 – preseguydo in a private letter.[14]
- 1569 – Cardoso lists perseguir as Latin persequor.[9]
- 1734 – Feijó gives its irregular present.[12]
- 1789 – Morais lists the senses “pursue”, “torment” and “importune”.[11]
Meanings
Verb
- To pursue or chase; to go after someone or something: Os cães perseguiram a lebre.[2][5][1]
- To pester with repeated requests or pleas.[2][5]
- To bother or trouble persistently.[2][13]
- To punish; to persecute, to subject to violence and torment.[2][6]
- To strive for an aim or ideal.[2][13]
- To look for something persistently until it is found.[2]
Word family
- perseguição
- perseguidor
- perseguimento
- perseguido
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. perseguir
- ^ a b c d e Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. perseguir
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. perseguir
- ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. perseguir
- ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. perseguir
- ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. seguir
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. persequor
- ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. perseguir
- ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. perseguir
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 192
- ^ a b Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. perseguir
- ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 7114
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. perseguir
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Perseguir.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/perseguir. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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