Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word perseguir

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1300s spelt persegues More words from the 14th century
Inherited from
Latin *persequo
Ultimate origin
Latin sequor

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /peʁ.seˈɡi(ʁ)/, [peh.seˈɡi(h)][1]
  • São-Paulo: /peɾ.seˈɡi(ɾ)/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /peʁ.seˈɡi(ʁ)/, [peχ.seˈɡi(χ)][1]
  • Caipira: /peɻ.seˈɡi(ɻ)/[1]

Forms

perseguir (first-person singular present persigo, third-person singular present persegue, first-person singular preterite persegui, past participle perseguido)[1] Fourteenth-century texts have persegues, persegindo, pesseguiam and persiguir; the 15th century has perçeguyr, persigua and persiiguindo.[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *persequō, the active form that replaced Latin persequor (“to follow persistently, pursue”), a deponent verb.[2][3][1] Houaiss reconstructs the Vulgar Latin verb as *persequō, *persequere.[2] Cunha, Nascentes, Aurélio and the DLP give the infinitive *persequere, standing for the classical deponent infinitive, and Wiktionary *persequīre, with the change of conjugation that the Portuguese ending -ir shows.[2][3][4][5][6][1] The simple verb seguir took the same path from the deponent sequor (“to follow”).[7]

The Latin verb is formed from per- (“through”) and the same simple verb.[1][8] The same verb is Galician perseguir, Spanish perseguir, Catalan perseguir and Italian perseguire.[1]

Semantic evolution

Cardoso (1569) and Barbosa (1611) render it with Latin persequor, and Barbosa also with insector “to harass”.[9][10] Morais (1789) lists going after someone, then troubling and tormenting them in every way, perseguir de morte for seeking someone's death, and asking with importunity.[11] Feijó (1734) notes the irregular present persigo, persegues, like firo, feres.[12]

Modern dictionaries keep these senses and add the persecution of a group, as of the Christians in ancient Rome, and the pursuit of an aim or ideal.[2][13] The derivative perseguição is older than the verb's own first record: Cunha cites perseguçon from the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[3]

Timeline

  • 14th century – first records of the verb, persegues and persiguir.[2][3]
  • 1556 – preseguydo in a private letter.[14]
  • 1569 – Cardoso lists perseguir as Latin persequor.[9]
  • 1734 – Feijó gives its irregular present.[12]
  • 1789 – Morais lists the senses “pursue”, “torment” and “importune”.[11]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To pursue or chase; to go after someone or something: Os cães perseguiram a lebre.[2][5][1]
  2. To pester with repeated requests or pleas.[2][5]
  3. To bother or trouble persistently.[2][13]
  4. To punish; to persecute, to subject to violence and torment.[2][6]
  5. To strive for an aim or ideal.[2][13]
  6. To look for something persistently until it is found.[2]

Word family

  • perseguição
  • perseguidor
  • perseguimento
  • perseguido

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. perseguir
  3. ^ a b c d e Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. perseguir
  4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. perseguir
  5. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. perseguir
  6. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. perseguir
  7. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. seguir
  8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. persequor
  9. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. perseguir
  10. ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. perseguir
  11. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 192
  12. ^ a b Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. perseguir
  13. ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 7114
  14. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. perseguir

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Perseguir.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/perseguir. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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