Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word seguir
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin sequor
- Ultimate origin
- Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-
Derivations
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
seguir (first-person singular present sigo, third-person singular present segue, first-person singular preterite segui, past participle seguido)[1] Houaiss records seguir, seguyr, sigir and ssegujr in the 13th century, sijamos in the 14th and syguer in the 15th.[2] Feijó (1734) prescribes seguir, not siguir, and notes the irregular present sigo, segues, segue.[3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin sequor (“to follow”), written Old Galician-Portuguese seguir in the oldest texts.[2][4][1] Classical Latin conjugated the verb with passive (deponent) endings, and spoken Latin gave it active ones.[5][1] Cunha, Aurélio, the DLP and the REW start from the active infinitive in ⟨-ere⟩, while Houaiss, Nascentes, the DLE and Wiktionary posit a further move into the conjugation in ⟨-īre⟩, which gave Portuguese ⟨-ir⟩.[4][6][7][8][2][9][10][1]
The same Latin verb is Galician seguir, Spanish seguir, Catalan seguir, Occitan segre, French suivre and Italian seguire.[8][1] Corominas notes that French, with Old French siure, kept the form in ⟨-ere⟩, while the other western languages moved the verb to the conjugation in ⟨-ire⟩;[5] Occitan wavers between the two.[5]
The Latin verb comes from *sekʷōr, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”).[1][11] De Vaan reconstructs a middle present “to follow, accompany” and lists the cognates Sanskrit सचते (sácate), Ancient Greek ἕπομαι (hépomai) and Lithuanian sèkti, all “to follow”.[11]
Earliest recorded meaning
Houaiss and Cunha date the verb to the 13th century.[2][4] In the Cantigas de Santa Maria the Magi see the star going before them at great speed e começarona seguyr “and began to follow it”, and the devil is said to have pursued (seguia) a sinner.[12]
Semantic evolution
Besides “to follow” and “to pursue”, the troubadours used it for “to imitate”: in Gonçal' Eanes do Vinhal seguides means “you imitate, plagiarise”, and Lourenço boasts que ssey seguir / o trobar, that he knows how to practise the art of poetry.[12][13] The Crónica Geral has it for “to continue” (a estoria... que a sigue asi).[12] Houaiss dates to the 14th century the senses “to come after”, “to go on, continue on one's way” and “to take as a model”.[2]
Bluteau (1712) gives “to follow someone”, “to follow an example” and reflexive seguir-se “to come next, ensue”.[14] Morais (1813) adds “to follow a profession” (seguir as letras, as armas) and “to follow someone's advice or opinion”.[15] The newest sense is “to follow an account on social media”.[1]
Timeline
- 13th century – first records; the Cantigas de Santa Maria have seguyr “to follow” and “to pursue”.[2][4][12]
- 14th century – first records of the senses “to come after”, “to continue” and “to imitate”, and of the derivatives seguidor, seguimento and seguinte.[2][4]
- 1416 – the Vida do Cativo Monge Confesso, the first prose text of the CTA corpus with the verb.[16]
- 1712 – Bluteau lists the reflexive seguir-se “to ensue”.[14]
- 1734 – Feijó prescribes seguir, not siguir.[3]
- 1813 – Morais records seguir as letras “to follow a career in letters”.[15]
Meanings
Verb
- To follow, go or come after or along with: O cão seguiu-nos até à porta.[2][6][1]
- To pursue, chase: A polícia seguiu o carro roubado.[2][6]
- To watch closely, follow with the eyes or the mind: seguir um jogo pela televisão.[2][17]
- To continue, go on: Siga em frente até ao semáforo.[2][17]
- To take a direction or route: seguir pela margem do rio.[2][7]
- To obey, keep to, take as a model: seguir as regras, seguir o exemplo do pai.[2][17][1]
- To be a follower of, adhere to: seguir uma religião.[2][17]
- To take up a career or course of study: Quer seguir engenharia.[2][17]
- To leave, set off; to be sent: A carta segue amanhã.[2][17]
- (reflexive) To come after; to result, ensue: Ao jantar seguiu-se um concerto.[2][17][1]
- (social media) To follow an account.[1]
Word family
- seguidor
- seguimento
- seguinte
- desseguir
Related words
Usage notes
A seguir means “next, afterwards”, and a seguir a “after”.[17]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. seguir
- ^ a b Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. seguir
- ^ a b c d e Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. seguir
- ^ a b c Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 5, 191
- ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. seguir
- ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. seguir
- ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7839
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. seguir
- ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. seguir
- ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b c d Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. seguir
- ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. seguir
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. seguir
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 678
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. seguir
- ^ a b c d e f g h Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 8365
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Seguir.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/seguir. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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