Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word necessário

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1256 a Galician charter More words from the 13th century
Borrowed from
Latin necessarius
Ultimate origin
Latin necesse
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin cēdō
French céder
English cede
Romanian ceda
Italian cedere
Spanish ceder
Latin necesse
Latin necessārius
English necessary
French nécessaire
Romanian necesar
Italian necessario
Portuguese necessário
Spanish necesario
From the same root
English recede ← cēdō
Latin abscēdō ← cēdō
Latin accēdō ← cēdō
Latin antecēdō ← cēdō
Latin cessiō ← cēdō
Latin cessō ← cēdō
Latin concēdō ← cēdō
Latin dēcēdō ← cēdō
Latin discēdō ← cēdō
Latin excēdo ← cēdō
Latin incēdō ← cēdō
Latin intercēdō ← cēdō
Latin praecēdō ← cēdō
Latin prōcēdō ← cēdō
Latin recēdō ← cēdō
Latin sēcēdō ← cēdō
Latin succēdō ← cēdō
Romanian acces ← cēdō
Spanish proceder ← cēdō
Latin necessitās ← necesse
Latin necessitūdō ← necesse
Latin necessāriō ← necessārius
English unnecessary ← necessary

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ne.seˈsa.ɾju/[1]
  • Portugal: /nɨ.sɨˈsa.ɾju/[1]

Forms

necessário (feminine necessária, masculine plural necessários, feminine plural necessárias)[1] Medieval texts write neçasario (1390), neçessaryo (14th century) and, in the 15th century, necessario, necesserio and necessarea.[2] A letter of 1622 still writes neçeçario.[3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin necessārius (“unavoidable, indispensable”), formed from necesse (“necessary”) with the suffix -ārius.[2][4][1] Nascentes calls it a learned word.[5] The Latin adjective was also a noun, “a close connection, a relative or friend”.[6][7]

The same Latin word was borrowed as Spanish necesario, Catalan necessari, French nécessaire, recorded from 1119, and Italian necessario.[8][7][1]

The Latin word was used mostly impersonally, with the verb “to be”, for “it is necessary”; the DHLF takes it as the neuter of an unattested adjective, and Wiktionary derives it from ne- (“not”) and cessus (“yielded”), the participle of cēdō (“to yield, withdraw”).[7][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lorenzo's earliest record is a Galician charter of 1256: et que las lauredes ben de todo lauor necessario “and that you work them well with every necessary labour”.[9] Houaiss takes the same date from Machado, and Cunha dates the word to the 13th century.[2][4]

Semantic evolution

Morais's dictionary of 1789 defines it as “not voluntary or spontaneous”, “what cannot fail to be or be otherwise”, opposed to contingent, and “indispensable”, as food is for life.[10] Vieira quotes Damião de Góis on the things needed for divine service sent overseas.[11] The philosophical and logical senses of the modern dictionaries continue Morais's, and the noun o necessário names what is needed, or the minimum on which one can live.[12][13][14]

Timeline

  • 1256 – lauor necessario in a Galician charter.[9][2]
  • 1390 – the spelling neçasario.[2]
  • c. 1430 – necessario and neçessario in the Horto do Esposo (witness 1390–1437).[15][16]
  • 1503 – necesarios in a private letter.[3]
  • 1789 – Morais opposes necessário to contingent.[10]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. necessary, indispensable, essential: a água é necessária às plantas.[2][12][1]
  2. That cannot be avoided; inevitable.[2][12]
  3. Required, that must be done: é necessário assinar aqui.[2][13]
  4. Morally obligatory.[2]
  5. (logic) Following inevitably from the premises; true in every case.[2][12][13]
  6. (philosophy) Existing of itself, opposed to contingente.[12][17][14]

Noun

  1. o necessário: what is needed for a purpose; the goods and conditions one cannot live without.[13][14][18]

Word family

  • desnecessário

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. necessário
  3. ^ a b CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. necessário
  4. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. necessário
  5. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. necessário
  6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. necessārius
  7. ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. nécessaire
  8. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. necesario
  9. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. necessario
  10. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 111
  11. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 411
  12. ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. necessário
  13. ^ a b c d Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. necessário
  14. ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 6454
  15. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. necessario
  16. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. neçessario
  17. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. necessário
  18. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. necessário

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Necessário.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/necess%C3%A1rio. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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