acces

Forms

acces n (plural accese)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French accès and a learned borrowed from Latin accessus (“approach, arrival”).^[2][3][4][5] DER, the DA and Wiktionary give French alone,^[6][7][1] Tiktin French and Italian accesso,^[8] Scriban Latin alone.^[9]

The Latin noun is the action noun of accēdō (“to approach”), formed from Latin ad- + cēdō (“to go”).^[2][10][1] Graur lists the word in the family of cēdō with abces, proces and succes.^[11] The French word is recorded from 1170, and its medical sense “sudden bout (of fever)” from 1341.^[12]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR dates the first record to 1794, in a calendar printed in Vienna.^[2][8] MDA2 and the DA start with Titu Maiorescu's parliamentary speeches (from 1866): „Ușorul acces la curtea noastră” “the easy access to our court”.^[7][4]

Semantic evolution

Romanian took over both senses of the French word: the possibility of reaching a place or a person, and the sudden onset or return of an acute illness, as in Vlahuță's „se temea de un nou acces” “he feared a new attack”.^[7][12] From the medical sense came the figurative “outburst of a passing feeling”: acces de mânie “fit of anger”.^[8][13] The DN adds a computing sense, the capacity of a memory system to store and retrieve information.^[5]

Most of the words of the family were borrowed separately: accesibil (1846) from French and Latin, accesibilitate (1848) from French, and the verb accesa “to access (a network, a program)”, recorded from 1995, from English access.^[2]

Timeline

• 1794 – first record, in a calendar printed in Vienna.^[2][8]
• 1846 – accesibil “accessible”, in Laurian.^[2]
• 1848 – accesibilitate.^[2]
• 1866 on – “access” in Maiorescu's parliamentary speeches.^[7][4]
• 1995 – the verb accesa, from English.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. access: the possibility or right of reaching a place or a person; by extension, an entrance: cale de acces “approach road”, rampă de acces “access ramp”, a avea acces “to be allowed in”.^[3][4]
2. (medicine) An attack or fit: a set of clinical disturbances that come on suddenly and usually recur: acces de tuse.^[3][4][13]
3. A violent, passing outburst of a feeling: acces de furie.^[3][4]
4. (computing) The capacity of a memory system to store and retrieve information.^[5][14]

Word family

• accesa
• accesibil
• accesibilitate
• inaccesibil

Related words

• accede
• accesoriu

Usage notes

The DEX gives the plural accesuri for the first sense and accese for the medical and figurative one;^[3] the DA and Damé record both plurals without a difference of meaning.^[7][15]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. acces
3. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 6
4. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 7
5. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
6. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. acces
7. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. acces
8. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. acces
9. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
11. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 30
12. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
13. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne
14. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
15. ^ Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État