Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word limitação
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1446 Ordenações Afonsinas, spelt limitaçom More words from the 15th century
- Borrowed from
- Latin limitatio
- Ultimate origin
- Latin līmes
Etymology tree
Forms
limitação f (plural limitações)[1] The 15th-century form is limitaçom.[2][3]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Latin līmitātiō (“the fixing of boundaries”), first recorded in 1446 as Old Galician-Portuguese limitaçom.[2][3][1] Nascentes calls it semi-learned.[4] The Latin noun is formed from līmitō (“to enclose within boundaries”) with the suffix -tiō; the verb is derived from līmes (“boundary”).[5][6] Within Portuguese it can be analysed as limitar with the suffix -ção.[1]
The same Latin word was borrowed as Galician limitación, Spanish limitación, Catalan limitació, French limitation and Italian limitazione.[1][7]
Earliest recorded meaning
Houaiss dates limitaçom to 1446 from the Ordenações Afonsinas, and Morais (1813) quotes the same code for the sense “the act of limiting”.[2][8]
Semantic evolution
In Latin the word belonged to land surveying, the marking of the boundaries of a plot.[5] The first Portuguese record already has the general sense “the act of limiting”.[8] Morais (1789) lists the act of limiting, an exception to a rule or law, the state of being limited in reach (of human understanding, of sight or hearing), and a restriction or qualification of an opinion.[9] Vieira (1871–1874) quotes a passage that sets divine immensity against human limitação.[10] The old Aulete adds “modesty, moderateness”, as of prices.[11] Today the word is also used, often in the plural, for a person's shortcomings, and for finitude.[2][12]
Timeline
- 1446 – first record, as limitaçom, in the Ordenações Afonsinas.[2]
- 1709 – the spelling limitasão in a private letter.[13]
- 1789 – Morais gives the senses “exception” and “restriction”.[9]
- 1871–1874 – Vieira quotes the word of human limits.[10]
Meanings
Noun
- The act of limiting or of being limited; limitation.[2][12][1]
- The fixing of the limits of an area; demarcação, delimitação: a limitação de uma propriedade.[2][12]
- (figurative) restriction, containment: limitação das despesas.[2][12][14]
- (figurative) A lack or defect; shortcoming, often in the plural: Conhece bem as suas limitações.[2][12][1]
- (figurative) The condition of what is finite; finitude.[2][12]
- (law) limitação de responsabilidade, the reduction or definition of obligations below the full compensation for a damage.[2]
Related words
- limitar
- limite
- delimitação
- ilimitado
- Latin līmitātiō
- Spanish limitación
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. limitação
- ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. limite
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. limitação
- ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. līmitātiō
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. līmitō
- ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. limitación
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 225
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 4
- ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 3, 1315
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. limitação
- ^ a b c d e f Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. limitação
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. limitação
- ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. limitação
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Limitação.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/limita%C3%A7%C3%A3o. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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