Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word espetáculo
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1548 spelt spectaculo More words from the 16th century
- Borrowed from
- Latin spectaculum
- Ultimate origin
- Latin speciō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
espetáculo m (plural espetáculos)[1] Houaiss records spectaculo in 1548, espectaculo in 1567 and expectaculo before 1595.[2] Cunha dates espectáculo to 1568.[3] Wiktionary lists espectáculo as an alternative spelling.[1]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Latin spectāculum (“sight; show, public games”), a learned borrowing first recorded in 1548.[2][3][1] Nascentes calls it semi-learned.[4] The Latin noun is formed from spectō (“to watch, look at”) with the suffix -culum.[5][1] That verb is the frequentative of speciō (“to see, observe”), which de Vaan connects with the root Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- “to see”.[6][1]
The same Latin word was borrowed around 1200 as French spectacle.[7]
Semantic evolution
Pereira (1697) translates espectaculo with Latin spectaculum and visum “a sight”.[8] Caldas Aulete's original dictionary has the general sense of anything that catches the eye, contemplation, and a theatrical performance or display of art.[9] Modern dictionaries add a ridiculous or scandalous scene, as in dar espetáculo “to make a scene”, and in informal Brazilian usage someone or something outstandingly good.[2][10] Cunha dates the derivatives espetacular and espetaculoso to 1881.[3]
Timeline
- 1548 – first record, spelt spectaculo.[2]
- 1567 – the spelling espectaculo.[2]
- 1609 – espectaculos in a private letter.[11]
- 1697 – Pereira's dictionary lists Espectaculo.[8]
- 1881 – first record of espetacular and espetaculoso.[3]
Meanings
Noun
- Anything that draws and holds the eye; a sight or spectacle.[2][12]
- A public performance of theatre, music, dance, film or circus; a show: O espetáculo começa às nove.[2][12][1]
- Something striking for its beauty, skill or grandeur; a view or scene.[2][13]
- (Brazil, informal) Someone or something exceptionally good or attractive.[2]
- (ironic) A scandalous or ridiculous scene: dar espetáculo “to make a scene”.[2][10]
Word family
- espetacular
- espetaculoso
Related words
- espectador
- espécie
- Latin spectāculum
- French spectacle
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. espetáculo
- ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. espetáculo
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. espetáculo
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. spectāculum
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. spectacle
- ^ a b Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. espectaculo
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. espetáculo
- ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 3888
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. espetáculo
- ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. espetáculo
- ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. espetáculo
Related etymologies
- fraco · also from Latin
- permanecer · also from Latin
- máximo · also from Latin
- majestade · also from Latin
- universidade · also from Latin
- natural · also from Latin
- judeu · also from Latin
- feio · also from Latin
Cite this entry
“Espetáculo.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/espet%C3%A1culo. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
Last edited on . ·