Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word espinhoso

Confidence
Probable
Formation
Derivation
First attested
1300s More words from the 14th century
Ultimate origin
Latin spīnus
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin spīna
French épine
Italian spina
Portuguese espinha
Spanish espina
Latin spīnus
Italian spino
Portuguese espinho
Portuguese espinhoso
Romanian spin
From the same root
Latin spīnālis ← spīna
Latin spīnōsus ← spīna
Romanian spinos ← spin

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /is.pĩˈɲo.zu/, [is.pĩˈj̃o.zu], /es.pĩˈɲo.zu/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /iʃ.pĩˈɲo.zu/, [iʃ.pĩˈj̃o.zu], /eʃ.pĩˈɲo.zu/[1]
  • Portugal: /(i)ʃ.piˈɲo.zu/[1]

Forms

espinhoso (feminine espinhosa, masculine plural espinhosos, feminine plural espinhosas, metaphonic)[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Portuguese espinho + -oso.[2][1][3] Houaiss notes that some derive it directly from Latin spīnōsus (“thorny”), as Cunha and the DLP do.[2][4][5] The Latin adjective is the source of Spanish espinoso, Catalan espinós, French épineux and Italian spinoso.[6][1]

The base espinho “thorn” is from spīnus (“thorn-bush”).[7][1]

Semantic evolution

Houaiss dates the word to the 14th century, while Cunha's first date is 1813.[2][4] Cardoso's dictionary already lists it in 1569, glossed with the Latin senticosus “thorny”.[8] Bluteau (1712) defines it as “full of thorns” and quotes Barros on alguma grande e espinhosa balsa “some great thorny thicket”.[9] Vieira (1871) adds the figurative sense “arduous, difficult”.[10] In anatomy the adjective also refers to a spine or spinous process, as in apófise espinhosa, a sense Figueiredo derives from espinha.[11][12]

Timeline

  • 14th century – first record, according to Houaiss.[2]
  • 1569 – Cardoso lists espinhoso.[8]
  • 1712 – Bluteau quotes Barros's espinhosa balsa.[9]
  • 1871 – Vieira gives the figurative sense “arduous”.[10]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Full of or covered with thorns (espinhos); thorny, prickly; espinhento.[2][5][1]
  2. (figurative) Hard and full of troubles; arduous.[2][13]
  3. (figurative) Awkward and delicate; embarrassing.[2][3]
  4. (anatomy) Shaped like a spine, as the spinous process of a vertebra (apófise espinhosa).[12][13]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. espinhoso
  3. ^ a b Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. espinhoso
  4. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. espinhoso
  5. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. espinhoso
  6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 8153
  7. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. espinho
  8. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. espinhoso
  9. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. espinhoso
  10. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 3, 352
  11. ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 555
  12. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. espinhoso
  13. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. espinhoso
Cite this entry

“Espinhoso.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/espinhoso. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·