Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word espinhoso
- Confidence
- Probable
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 1300s More words from the 14th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin spīnus
Etymology tree
Pronunciation
Forms
espinhoso (feminine espinhosa, masculine plural espinhosos, feminine plural espinhosas, metaphonic)[1]
Etymology
It is formed from Portuguese espinho + -oso.[2][1][3] Houaiss notes that some derive it directly from Latin spīnōsus (“thorny”), as Cunha and the DLP do.[2][4][5] The Latin adjective is the source of Spanish espinoso, Catalan espinós, French épineux and Italian spinoso.[6][1]
The base espinho “thorn” is from spīnus (“thorn-bush”).[7][1]
Semantic evolution
Houaiss dates the word to the 14th century, while Cunha's first date is 1813.[2][4] Cardoso's dictionary already lists it in 1569, glossed with the Latin senticosus “thorny”.[8] Bluteau (1712) defines it as “full of thorns” and quotes Barros on alguma grande e espinhosa balsa “some great thorny thicket”.[9] Vieira (1871) adds the figurative sense “arduous, difficult”.[10] In anatomy the adjective also refers to a spine or spinous process, as in apófise espinhosa, a sense Figueiredo derives from espinha.[11][12]
Timeline
- 14th century – first record, according to Houaiss.[2]
- 1569 – Cardoso lists espinhoso.[8]
- 1712 – Bluteau quotes Barros's espinhosa balsa.[9]
- 1871 – Vieira gives the figurative sense “arduous”.[10]
Meanings
Adjective
- Full of or covered with thorns (espinhos); thorny, prickly; espinhento.[2][5][1]
- (figurative) Hard and full of troubles; arduous.[2][13]
- (figurative) Awkward and delicate; embarrassing.[2][3]
- (anatomy) Shaped like a spine, as the spinous process of a vertebra (apófise espinhosa).[12][13]
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. espinhoso
- ^ a b Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. espinhoso
- ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. espinhoso
- ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. espinhoso
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 8153
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. espinho
- ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. espinhoso
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. espinhoso
- ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 3, 352
- ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 555
- ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. espinhoso
- ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. espinhoso
Cite this entry
“Espinhoso.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/espinhoso. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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