Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word depois
- Confidence
- Probable
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin depost
- Ultimate origin
- Late Latin depost
Pronunciation
Forms
depois (not comparable)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese had depois, depoys, depos, despois and depost.[2][3][4] Despois was still written in the 16th century and is popular today, as are adepois, apois and ospois in Portugal.[5][6]
Etymology
It is probably inherited from Late Latin depost (“behind; after”), a Late Latin compound of dē (“from”) and post (“after, behind”), but Houaiss calls the origin controversial.[3][7][8][1] The objections are the varying first element of the Romance forms, ⟨de-⟩ or ⟨des-⟩, and the ⟨i⟩ of ⟨-pois⟩, where the Latin preposition gives pós, as in após.[3][8] Nascentes points to a Latin inscription for the compound and finds the ⟨i⟩ still unexplained; he suggests that the simple pois may have had an influence, and explains the variant despois by a Latin phrase with ex (“out of”) added.[8][5] Aurélio derives the word through the old forms Old Galician-Portuguese depos and depus.[9]
Cognates are Spanish después, which the DLE derives with the same addition, and French depuis.[1][10] Others are Old Spanish depues, Galician despois and Italian dopo.[11][1] The French word was influenced by puis.[12]
Earliest recorded meaning
The adverb is common in 13th-century texts.[2] Afonso X has it in a cantiga d'escarnho (ouve depois a vencer “afterwards she won”), and the Cantigas de Santa Maria already use it as an adverb, as a preposition (depois jantar “after dinner”) and in depois que “after”.[2][3]
Semantic evolution
The medieval word could also be a preposition without de, and the Cantigas de Santa Maria use depos de for place as well as time.[2] Bluteau (1712) gives both depois and despois, and Feijó (1734) recommends depois as the better spelling.[13][14] Morais (1789) records it for what lies beyond something else, for the time that follows and for a later action.[15] The sense “besides, moreover” is given by Figueiredo (1899) and the modern dictionaries.[16][3]
Timeline
- 13th century – first records, as depois and depost.[3]
- 13th century – the Cantigas de Santa Maria have depois, depoys and depos.[2]
- 1416 – depois in the Vida do Cativo Monge Confesso.[17]
- 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary gives Depois with the Latin post and postea.[18]
- 1712 – Bluteau gives depois, ou despois.[13]
- 1734 – Feijó recommends depois over despois.[14]
- 1871–1874 – Vieira derives the word from de and the Latin post.[19]
Meanings
Adverb
- afterwards, later, at a later time: Primeiro estudou; depois foi passear.[3][9][1]
- behind, further on, after in place or rank.[3][20]
- Besides, moreover: É caro e, depois, não é bonito.[3][9][1]
- depois de: after (in time, place or order): depois do almoço.[3][9]
- depois que: after, since the time when.[3][9]
Word family
- depois de
- depois que
Related words
Usage notes
E depois? “and then?” asks a speaker to go on, or what follows from what was said.[20][21]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. depois
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. depois
- ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. depois
- ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 152
- ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. depois
- ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. depost
- ^ a b c Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. depois
- ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. depois
- ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. después
- ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. de post
- ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. depuis
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. depois
- ^ a b Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. depois
- ^ Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 377
- ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 392
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. depois
- ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. depois
- ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 777
- ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. depois
- ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. depois
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Depois.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/depois. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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