Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word depois

Confidence
Probable
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin depost
Ultimate origin
Late Latin depost

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /deˈpojs/, [deˈpoɪ̯s][1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /deˈpojʃ/, [deˈpoɪ̯ʃ][1]
  • Portugal: /dɨˈpojʃ/[1]

Forms

depois (not comparable)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese had depois, depoys, depos, despois and depost.[2][3][4] Despois was still written in the 16th century and is popular today, as are adepois, apois and ospois in Portugal.[5][6]

Etymology

It is probably inherited from Late Latin depost (“behind; after”), a Late Latin compound of dē (“from”) and post (“after, behind”), but Houaiss calls the origin controversial.[3][7][8][1] The objections are the varying first element of the Romance forms, ⟨de-⟩ or ⟨des-⟩, and the ⟨i⟩ of ⟨-pois⟩, where the Latin preposition gives pós, as in após.[3][8] Nascentes points to a Latin inscription for the compound and finds the ⟨i⟩ still unexplained; he suggests that the simple pois may have had an influence, and explains the variant despois by a Latin phrase with ex (“out of”) added.[8][5] Aurélio derives the word through the old forms Old Galician-Portuguese depos and depus.[9]

Cognates are Spanish después, which the DLE derives with the same addition, and French depuis.[1][10] Others are Old Spanish depues, Galician despois and Italian dopo.[11][1] The French word was influenced by puis.[12]

Earliest recorded meaning

The adverb is common in 13th-century texts.[2] Afonso X has it in a cantiga d'escarnho (ouve depois a vencer “afterwards she won”), and the Cantigas de Santa Maria already use it as an adverb, as a preposition (depois jantar “after dinner”) and in depois que “after”.[2][3]

Semantic evolution

The medieval word could also be a preposition without de, and the Cantigas de Santa Maria use depos de for place as well as time.[2] Bluteau (1712) gives both depois and despois, and Feijó (1734) recommends depois as the better spelling.[13][14] Morais (1789) records it for what lies beyond something else, for the time that follows and for a later action.[15] The sense “besides, moreover” is given by Figueiredo (1899) and the modern dictionaries.[16][3]

Timeline

  • 13th century – first records, as depois and depost.[3]
  • 13th century – the Cantigas de Santa Maria have depois, depoys and depos.[2]
  • 1416 – depois in the Vida do Cativo Monge Confesso.[17]
  • 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary gives Depois with the Latin post and postea.[18]
  • 1712 – Bluteau gives depois, ou despois.[13]
  • 1734 – Feijó recommends depois over despois.[14]
  • 1871–1874 – Vieira derives the word from de and the Latin post.[19]

Meanings

Adverb

  1. afterwards, later, at a later time: Primeiro estudou; depois foi passear.[3][9][1]
  2. behind, further on, after in place or rank.[3][20]
  3. Besides, moreover: É caro e, depois, não é bonito.[3][9][1]
  4. depois de: after (in time, place or order): depois do almoço.[3][9]
  5. depois que: after, since the time when.[3][9]

Word family

  • depois de
  • depois que

Usage notes

E depois? “and then?” asks a speaker to go on, or what follows from what was said.[20][21]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. depois
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. depois
  4. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. depois
  5. ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 152
  6. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. depois
  7. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. depost
  8. ^ a b c Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. depois
  9. ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. depois
  10. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. después
  11. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. de post
  12. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. depuis
  13. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. depois
  14. ^ a b Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. depois
  15. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 377
  16. ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 392
  17. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. depois
  18. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. depois
  19. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 777
  20. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. depois
  21. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. depois

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Depois.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/depois. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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