adega

Forms

adega f (plural adegas)^[1] Houaiss records adeca in 1266, adega in the 13th century and adegua in the 15th.^[2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin apothēca (“storehouse, store for wine”), which is from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē, “storehouse”).^[2][3][1] The Greek noun is from ἀποτίθημι (apotíthēmi, “to put away”), from ἀπο- (apo-, “away”) and τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put”).^[1]

Wiktionary passes through the earlier Old Galician-Portuguese abdega and Old Galician-Portuguese *abodega, compare Old Spanish abdega.^[1][4][5] Nascentes sums up Nunes's account of the sound changes: the -t- was voiced, the unstressed -o- was lost, the p became u and the resulting ⟨au⟩ was reduced to ⟨a⟩; he calls the open /ɛ/ irregular.^[6] Vieira had explained the loss of the p by assimilation, as in gruta from Latin crypta.^[7]

The same Latin word is Galician adega, Spanish bodega, Italian bottega, Catalan botiga and French boutique.^[4][1] The Spanish form lost its first syllable because the a- was taken for the article.^[8] Portuguese has the same word again in bodega, botica and butique.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Machado's first record is a Latin text of 1190, Et accipiat de vino de adega tantum "and let him take as much of the wine from the cellar".^[3] In Galician-Portuguese Houaiss has adeca in 1266, and the Cantigas de Santa Maria tell of a man buried in the cellar where he kept his casks (soterró-o na adega, u sas cubas tiỹa).^[2][9] From the first the word means a cellar for wine.^[9]

Semantic evolution

Latin apothēca was any storeroom, especially for wine; in Medieval Latin it also meant a shop or an apothecary's.^[10][11] Portuguese kept the storeroom for wine, and Cardoso (1569) and Folqman (1755) render adega by Latin cella and cella vinaria.^[12][13] Morais (1813) widens it to a room where wine, oil, water, honey and other liquids are kept.^[14] By metonymy the word also names the wines kept there, and today a wine bar or a cooperative winery (adega cooperativa).^[2][15] In parts of Portugal it is a storeroom for food, what is elsewhere called a despensa.^[16]

Timeline

• 1190 – a Latin text has de vino de adega.^[3]
• 1266 – the spelling adeca.^[2]
• 13th century – adega in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.^[9]
• 15th century – the spelling adegua.^[2]
• 16th century – first record of adegueiro.^[17]
• 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary renders adega by Latin cella.^[12]
• 1871 – Vieira explains the sound changes from Latin apotheca.^[7]

Meanings

Noun

1. A cellar, a cool room of a house, often underground, where wine, oil and other drinks are kept.^[2][18][1]
2. The stock of wines kept in such a place: tem uma adega rica em vinhos do Douro.^[2][19][1]
3. A storeroom for food; despensa.^[2][19]
4. A winery where wine is made and stored;^[15] adega cooperativa, one run jointly by a cooperative of growers.^[15]
5. A wine bar or tavern serving wine and food.^[2][19]

Word family

• adegar
• adegueiro

Related words

• bodega
• botica
• apoteca
• butique
• Latin apothēca
• Galician adega

Usage notes

Machado warns against confusing the noun with the place name Adegas, written Abdegas in 1183, which he derives from Arabic ʿabd "servant" and the personal name Egos.^[3]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. adega
3. ^ a b c d Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. s.v. adega
4. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 531
5. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. apotheca
6. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 8
7. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 1, 146
8. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 1, 609
9. ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. adega
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. apotheca
11. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. apotheca
12. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. adega
13. ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. adega
14. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 39
15. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. adega
16. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. adega
17. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. adegueiro
18. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. adega
19. ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. adega