bodega

Forms

bodega f (plural bodegas)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old Spanish bodega, inherited from Latin apothēca (“storehouse, store-room”), which is from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē, “depot, storehouse”), from ἀποτίθημι (apotíthēmi, “to put away, store”), a compound of τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put”).^[2][3][4][1] The initial vowel was lost early, by confusion with that of the article la.^[2][5] A form without the loss, abdega, appears in charters from Santander between 1104 and 1157, and lives on in Portuguese adega and Galician adega.^[2][6] Corominas rejects the idea that the word was taken from Byzantine Greek during the Byzantine occupation of south-eastern Spain: by then Greek /ē/ had long become /i/, so the Spanish word continues the Latin one of Cicero and Horace.^[2]

The same word is Catalan botiga, Italian bottega and French boutique; the Italian form owes its double ⟨tt⟩ to Italian botte (“barrel”).^[7][6] Spanish also has botica “pharmacy”, which García de Diego takes from the French word, and the learned doublet apoteca.^[6][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The form botega is found in charters of 1092 and 1096, bodega in one of 1199.^[2][3] The derivative bodeguero occurs earlier still, Latinised as uotecarius in Navarre in 1063.^[2] In 1250 the monastery of Oña leased land on condition that the tenant built there una buena casa et su bodega, “a good house with its store-room”.^[8]

Semantic evolution

In Alfonso X's prose a bodega is a larder or a granary: Joseph has bodegas built in every town of Egypt to store the grain.^[9] Juan Ruiz uses it for the room where wine is kept, and by the 15th century this is its usual sense.^[10][11] Covarrubias defined it as a cellar holding wine, and thought it came from apotheca, or perhaps from bota “wine cask”.^[12] Autoridades added the wine harvest of a place (la bodega de Valdemoro) and the low warehouses of merchants in ports; the Academy's dictionary of 1884 has the hold of a ship.^[13][14]

In the Americas the word widened to any warehouse or store-room (Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile) and, in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela, to a small grocery shop.^[15][16][4] English took it in 1846 as “wine shop”, from Mexican Spanish; in American English it has meant a corner grocery since the 1970s.^[17]

Timeline

• 1063 – uotecarius “bodeguero” in a Latin charter of Navarre.^[2]
• 1092 – first record, in the form botega.^[2][3]
• 1104–1157 – the form abdega in charters from Santander.^[2]
• 1199 – first record of the form bodega.^[2]
• 1272–1280 – Alfonso X's General estoria uses it for larders and granaries.^[9]
• 1330–1343 – Juan Ruiz uses it for a wine cellar.^[10]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija: bodega de vino, Latin cellarium.^[18]
• 1533 – the first record from the Americas, in Santa Marta.^[19]
• 1611 – Covarrubias defines it as a wine cellar.^[12]
• 1884 – the Academy's dictionary adds the hold of a ship.^[14]
• 1846 – English borrows it as “wine shop”.^[17]

Meanings

Noun

1. A wine cellar, where wine is kept and aged.^[4][1]
2. A wine store; a wine shop.^[4]
3. A winery, an establishment for making wine.^[4][20]
4. The wine harvest of a place, or its abundance of wine.^[4][13]
5. A larder (despensa); a granary.^[4][9]
6. A warehouse in a seaport.^[4][13]
7. (nautical) The hold of a ship, below the lowest deck.^[4]
8. (Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico) A warehouse.^[4][15]
9. (Cuba, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Venezuela) A small grocery shop: Compró pan y leche en la bodega de la esquina.^[4][16]
10. (Ecuador, El Salvador) A junk room (trastero).^[4]

Word family

• bodegón
• bodeguero
• embodegar
• bodegaje
• bodego

Related words

• apoteca
• botica
• Italian bottega
• French boutique
• Portuguese adega

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 1, 609
3. ^ a b c Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. bodega
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. bodega
5. ^ Gómez de Silva, Guido (1988), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua española, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica / El Colegio de México, p. s.v. bodega
6. ^ a b c García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. bodega
7. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 531
8. ^ Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. bodega
9. ^ a b c Kasten, Lloyd A.; Nitti, John J.; Gago Jover, Francisco (2002–), Diccionario de la prosa castellana del Rey Alfonso X, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (electronic edition 2024), p. s.v. bodega
10. ^ a b Boggs, R. S.; Kasten, Lloyd; Keniston, Hayward; Richardson, H. B. (1946), Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, 2 vols., Chapel Hill, N.C., p. 80
11. ^ Alonso Pedraz, Martín (1986), Diccionario medieval español: desde las Glosas Emilianenses y Silenses (s. X) hasta el siglo XV, 2 vols., Salamanca: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, p. 532
12. ^ a b Covarrubias Orozco, Sebastián de (1611), Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española, Madrid: Luis Sánchez (Biblioteca Wordkers transcription, CC BY 4.0), p. 324
13. ^ a b c Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 1, 634
14. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 157
15. ^ a b Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2010), Diccionario de americanismos, Lima: Santillana; online at https://www.asale.org/damer, p. s.v. bodega
16. ^ a b Academia Dominicana de la Lengua; Instituto Guzmán Ariza de Lexicografía (2024), Diccionario del español dominicano, 2nd ed., online at https://ded.igalex.org, p. s.v. bodega
17. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
18. ^ Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 304
19. ^ Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. bodega
20. ^ Battaner Arias, Paz (dir.) (2017), Diccionario general de la lengua española VOX, Barcelona: Larousse Editorial, p. s.v. bodega