dogmático

Forms

dogmático (feminine dogmática, masculine plural dogmáticos, feminine plural dogmáticas)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin dogmaticus (“relating to the doctrines of the philosophers”), which is from Ancient Greek δογματικός (dogmatikós, “doctrinal, founded on principles”).^[2][1][3] Houaiss presents it as the Greek word adapted to the Latin form, and Cunha also gives the Latin and the Greek words.^[2][4] The Greek adjective is formed from δόγμα (dógma, “opinion, doctrine”) with the suffix -ικός (-ikós).^[1]

The same word is Galician dogmático, Spanish dogmático, Catalan dogmàtic, French dogmatique and Italian dogmatico.^[1][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the word to 1619, citing Bluteau's dictionary, with the sense “relating to dogmas, presented as absolutely certain”.^[2] Cunha places it in the 18th century.^[4]

Semantic evolution

In Greek the word was used of doctrines and of physicians who reasoned from general principles, as opposed to the empirics; in Latin it qualified a philosophical doctrine, and in Medieval Latin Christian teaching.^[6][7][8] Feijó (1734) defines the Portuguese word as “one who follows or teaches a dogma”.^[9] Morais (1789) adds the medical sense, a medicine that relies on reasoning and not on experience.^[10] Vieira (1871) gives dogmatic theology, the exposition of Christian belief, and dogmatic philosophy as the opposite of sceptical philosophy.^[11] Figueiredo (1899) records the figurative “authoritarian, sententious”, now the commonest use.^[12][2]

Timeline

• 1619 – first date given by Houaiss.^[2]
• 1712–1728 – DELPo records it in Bluteau's dictionary.^[13]
• 1734 – Feijó: “one who follows or teaches a dogma”.^[9]
• 1789 – Morais records dogmatic medicine, as opposed to empirical.^[10]
• 1871 – Vieira records theologia dogmatica and philosophia dogmatica.^[11]
• 1899 – Figueiredo adds the figurative sense “authoritarian, sententious”.^[12]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Relating to a dogma or to dogmas: teologia dogmática.^{[2][3][14][15]}
2. Presented as absolutely certain and not open to discussion.^[2][14][15]
3. (of a person, style or tone) dogmatic, authoritarian (autoritário), sententious (sentencioso), pedantic: falava sempre num tom dogmático.^{[2][3][16][1]}
4. (philosophy) Holding the doctrine of dogmatism (dogmatismo).^[2][14][16]
5. (history of medicine) Of the dogmatic school, which reasoned from principles rather than from experience.^[2][10]

Noun

1. A dogmatic person, who states opinions peremptorily.^[2][14]
2. A follower of dogmatism.^[2][14][16]

Related words

• dogma
• dogmatismo
• dogmatizar
• Ancient Greek δόγμα (dógma)

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. dogmático
3. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. dogmático
4. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. dogmático
5. ^ Estraviz, Isaac Alonso, Dicionário Estraviz, https://estraviz.org, p. s.v. dogmático
6. ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; Jones, Henry Stuart (1940), A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. δογματικός
7. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. dogmaticus
8. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. dogmaticus
9. ^ a b Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. dogmático
10. ^ a b c Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 452
11. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 1110
12. ^ a b Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 460
13. ^ NEHiLP – Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de São Paulo, DELPo: Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (online database), p. s.v. dogmático
14. ^ a b c d e Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. dogmático
15. ^ a b Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. dogmático
16. ^ a b c Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. dogmático