Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is probably a noun in *-mo- from a verb, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to swim, float”), a root or *plewk-, so that it could go back to *plewmo- “flying”, *plowsmo- “flying…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *plow-e/o- (“to rain”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pleu-e/o- (“to swim, float”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πλέω (pléō, “to sail”) and Sanskrit प्लवते…

It is the superlative of plūs “more”, serving for multus “much”, inherited from Proto-Italic *ploisamo-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-ist(h₂)o-, from *pelh₁- (“to fill”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pōklom, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *péh₃tlom (“drinking vessel”), from *peh₃- (“to drink”), the root of bibō “to drink”. The OLD and Gaffiot analyse it as…

It is from Latin por- (“forth”) + liceor (“to bid at an auction”), so “to bid forth”. Lewis & Short compare the prefix with Greek ⟨πορτί⟩.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pondos, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénd-os, from the root Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to draw, stretch, hang”) of pendō “to weigh” and pendeō “to…

It is from Latin populāris (“of the people; fellow-countryman”) + -tās, from populus “people”.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pork-o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱ-o- (“young pig”), perhaps first “digger”, from the root of the word for “furrow”. Cognate with Umbrian purka…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *portā- (“gate, door”), probably the feminine of a PIE participle Proto-Indo-European *pr-to- (“passed, crossed”). The verb portāre and portus “harbour” come from…

It is from Latin por- (“forth”) + tendō (“to stretch”), an old religious form beside prōtendō. The TLL compares ⟨por-⟩ in porrigō and polliceor and Umbrian ⟨purdouitu⟩. De Vaan traces ⟨tendō⟩ to…

It is probably a back-formation from Latin prō portiōne (“proportionally”), the phrase, in which the word first occurs. De Vaan derives the phrase from *prō ratiōne “per part”, which became…

1. The customs officer is probably from portus “harbour” with the agent suffix -tor, like ⟨holitor⟩ from ⟨holus⟩. De Vaan traces ⟨portus⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *pr̥-tó- (“passed, crossed”) or…

The OLD derives it from ⟨*portitōrium⟩, from Latin portitor (“toll collector”) + -ium. Wiktionary connects it with porta “gate”, and Gaffiot with portus “harbour” or portō “to carry”.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pork-ske/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *prḱ-sk-e/o- (“to keep asking”), a present in *-sk- of the root Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to ask”). Cognate with…

It is from Latin potis (“able, master”) + sedeō (“to sit”): to sit as master, occupy. The epitaphs of the Scipios and other early inscriptions spell it ⟨posid-⟩.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *possom, from *potis (“master, in control of”) and *som (“I am”); by surface analysis it is from Latin potis + sum. De Vaan traces ⟨potis⟩ to Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *po(r)sti-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥-sth₂-i- (“standing forth”) or *po-sth₂-i- “standing upright”, a compound of a preverb and the root *steh₂- (“to…

It is from Latin posterus (“following”), its superlative, from Proto-Italic ⟨*posterisemos⟩, like extrēmus and suprēmus. De Vaan traces ⟨posterus⟩ to Proto-Italic *post-ero- (“later”), from…

It is from Latin pōtō (“to drink”) + -tiō. Isidore thought it came from Greek ⟨pótos⟩ “drink”.

It is from Latin pōtus (“drunk”) + -tō, the frequentative suffix. De Vaan traces ⟨pōtus⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *ph₃-tó- (“drunk”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”), with the full grade…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pōto- (“drunk”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ph₃-to- (“drunk”), the participle of the root Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”), with the full grade…

It is from Proto-Italic *kelnō, a lost verb ⟨*cellō⟩ “to rise”, whose participle is celsus “high”, with prae-, Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise”), the root of collis and columen.

It is a possessive compound from Latin prae (“before”) + caput (“head”), with the combining form ⟨-ceps⟩, “having the head in front”. Plautus and Ennius have the older ⟨praecipes⟩.

It is from Latin praecipiō, the neuter of its participle, “to take beforehand; to instruct”, used as a noun, from prae- and capiō “to take”.

It is from Latin prae- (“in front”) + caedō (“to cut”), with the vowel changed to /iː/. De Vaan traces ⟨caedō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kaid-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to cut, hew”).

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + capiō (“to take”). De Vaan traces ⟨capiō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kap-i-, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂p-i- (“to seize”) or a non-Indo-European ⟨*kap-i-⟩.

It is from Latin praeceps (“headlong”) + -ō, from prae- and caput “head”.

1. The verb “to proclaim” is a compound from Latin prae- (“before, in front”) + dicō (“to proclaim, dedicate”). 2. It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + dīcō (“to say”).

It is from Latin praeficiō (“to put in charge”), the noun use of its participle, from prae- and faciō (“to make”).

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + faciō (“to make”), so “to make someone the head”.

It is from Latin prae (“before”) and the root of ⟨gnāscor⟩, nāscor “to be born”, so “about to give birth”. Plautus, Fronto, Macrobius and Pliny have the collateral form ⟨praegnās⟩, ⟨-ātis⟩, which…

It is from Latin prae- + pōnō (“to put, place”). De Vaan reconstructs ⟨pōnō⟩ as Proto-Italic *po-sine/o-.

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + veniō (“to come”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *prāto-, of uncertain origin. Steinbauer's Proto-Indo-European *prh₃-to- (“what has been allotted”) is the more attractive in meaning, while Walde–Hofmann and…

It is a frequentative from Latin premō (“to press”) + -tō, built on its participle pressus.

It is from Latin pretium (“price, value”) + -ōsus. Inscriptions and the Old Latin Bible spell it ⟨prae-⟩.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *prek-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“question”), a root noun of the root *preḱ- “to ask” of poscō “to demand” and procus “suitor”. Cognate with…

It is from Latin primus (“first”) + -ārius. The TLL, after Leumann, thinks it was formed from prīmus used as a noun.

It is from Latin prīvō (“to deprive; to set apart”), its perfect participle, used as an adjective. Prīvō comes from prīvus “individual, separate”, which de Vaan derives from Proto-Italic *prei-wo-…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *prei-wo- (“separate, individual”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *prei-uo-. It is probably a derivative with *-u̯o- of the stem *prei- “in front, before” seen…

It is from Latin procāre (“to ask, demand”) + -āx (“inclined to”), ⟨procāre⟩ being a verb related to procus “suitor”, like ⟨edāx⟩ and ⟨loquāx⟩. De Vaan traces ⟨procus⟩ to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin prō- (“forward”) + cēdō (“to go”).

It is from Latin prōcellō (“to throw down”), from prō- and ⟨*cellō⟩ “to strike”, the base also of percellō. The TLL accepts the derivation with some caution and compares feminine nouns formed from…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *prok-o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *proḱ-o- (“one who asks”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to ask”) of poscō and prex. Originally it meant…

It is from Latin pro- (“forth”) + duco (“to lead”).

It is formed from Latin prō (“before”) + fānum (“temple”), as what lies before, that is outside, the sacred precinct. The OLD refers to Varro for this explanation. The TLL notes that most scholars…

It is from Latin prō- (“forth”) + ferō (“to carry”).

It is from Latin prō- + flīgō (“to strike”) + -ō. De Vaan traces ⟨flīgō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ-e/o- (“to hit, crush”).

It is from Latin prō- + gradior (“to step, walk”). De Vaan traces ⟨gradior⟩ to Proto-Italic ⟨*grad-(e)i-⟩, Proto-Indo-European *g(ʰ)r̥d(ʰ)-(e)i-, and explains the ⟨e⟩ of the compounds by vowel…

It is from Latin prō- + habeō (“to have, hold”). De Vaan traces ⟨habeō⟩ to Proto-Italic *xab-ē- (“has taken, has”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁b- (“to take”). Wiktionary compares Old English…

It is from Latin prōmissus, its neuter, ⟨prōmissus⟩ being the participle of prōmittō “to send forth, promise”, used as a noun.

It is from Latin prō- (“forth”) + mittō (“to send”).

De Vaan follows Dunkel in taking it as inherited from Proto-Indo-European *própro (“on and on, ever further”), the iterative preverb, with dissimilatory loss of the second /r/; its comparative is…

Following Forssman, de Vaan explains it from a verb *propriō (“to make one's own”), built on inherited from Proto-Italic *prijo- (“own, dear”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *priH-o- (“own…

It is from Latin prō- + rogō (“to ask, propose”).

It is from Latin prō- + scindō (“to cut, split”), and the TLL compares Sanskrit ⟨pra-chid-⟩ in the same sense. De Vaan traces ⟨scindō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *ski-n-d- (“to split, tear off”).

It is from Latin prō- (“forward”) + sequor (“to follow”).

It is from Latin prō- (“forward”) + speciō (“to look”).

It is from Latin prō- + videō (“to see”). Videō is *wid-ē- (“to see”), from Proto-Indo-European *uid-eh₁- (“to see”).

It is from Latin prō- + vocō (“to call”).