Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

The origin is uncertain. It resembles Ancient Greek πῆνος (pênos, “woven cloth”) and Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌽𐌰 (fana, “cloth”), with Old High German fano (“cloth”) and Old English fana (“banner”), but the vowels…

It is a colloquial word of uncertain formation, and the OLD and Wiktionary connect it with pānus “swelling”. Köbler links it with Proto-Indo-European *pank- (“to swell”).

The origin is unknown. Manaster Ramer sees a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”), and others have linked it with pāscō “to feed” or with an imitative root *pap “to swell”…

It is apparently from Latin pariō (“to bring forth”), its old aorist participle, from Proto-Italic *par-(e)nt-, from Proto-Indo-European *pérh₃-t, from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to produce…

It is usually explained as a verb made from a noun, from Proto-Italic *paro-, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃-o- (“providing”), of the root *perh₃- (“to grant”). Rix derived it instead from a…

It is from Latin pars (“part, piece”) + -iō. Schrijver, as reported by de Vaan, explains pars as a pre-Latin formation from the present stem of pariō “to bring forth”, originally “lot, portion”. The…

It is from Latin pariō (“to give birth, produce”) + -tus, the action-noun suffix. De Vaan traces ⟨pariō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *pérh₃-i- (“to provide”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pauro-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂u-ro- (or *ph₂eu-ro-). The ⟨-rv-⟩ is from a regular change of *-wr- to *-rw-, as in nervus. Cognate with Ancient…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pāske/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *p(e)h₂-sk-e/o-, an sk-present of Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect, herd”). Cognate with Hittite paḫš- (“to…

Its origin is uncertain. Schrijver, followed by de Vaan, proposes Proto-Italic *pattro-, from Proto-Indo-European *pt-tro- (“flyer, bird”), from the root of penna “feather”, with a change from the…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *patē-, a stative verb formed within Italic on a base *pat-, the same as in pandō “to spread out”, from the root Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread”). Cognate…

It is from Latin patiēns (“enduring”) + -ia, ⟨patiēns⟩ being the present participle of patior “to suffer”.

It is from Latin patr- + -icius, ⟨patr-⟩ being the stem of pater “father”, referring to the ⟨patrēs⟩, the senators. The Monumentum Ancyranum spells it ⟨patritius⟩. Isidore says the patricians were…

It is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tr̥wyos (“paternal uncle”), from the word for “father”, Latin pater. Cognate with Sanskrit पितृव्य (pitṛvya, “paternal uncle”) and Proto-Germanic…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pau(o)-pa/oro-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂u-(o-)p(o)rh₃-o- (“providing little”), a compound whose first part is found in paucus “few” and parvus…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pāk- (“agreement, peace”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“agreement”), from the root “to fix, join”, as in pacīscor “to make a bargain”. Cognate with…

Its origin is uncertain. Walde and Hofmann and Ernout and Meillet proposed *ped-ko- “having a fault in the foot”, from pēs, like mancus and caecus, and the OLD calls it probably connected with pēs…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *petke/o- (“to comb”), from Proto-Indo-European *p(e)tḱ-, which Pinault explains as a dissimilated reduplicated *pe-pḱ- of Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- (“to pluck”)…

It is from Latin pecū (“cattle”) + -ārius. De Vaan traces ⟨pecū⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *peḱ-u- (“cattle”), cognate with Umbrian ⟨pequo⟩ “cattle” and Sanskrit पशु (paśú-, “cattle”).

It is from Latin pecūlor (“to embezzle”) + -tus, the action-noun suffix; ⟨pecūlor⟩ is related to pecūnia “money” and pecus “cattle”. De Vaan traces ⟨pecu⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *peḱ-u- (“cattle”)…

It is from Latin pecūlium (“private property”) + -āris; ⟨pecūlium⟩ is from pecū “cattle”, property in cattle being the oldest kind of wealth. De Vaan traces ⟨pecū⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *peḱ-u-…

It is from Latin pecū (“cattle”) through an unattested adjective ⟨*pecūlis⟩ “belonging to one's own livestock”, and Varro already connected them. Property originally consisted of cattle. De Vaan…

It is from Latin pēs (“foot”) + temptō (“to feel, try”) + -im, with the ablative ⟨pede⟩, so “feeling one's way with the foot”.

It is from Latin per- + laciō (“to entice”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *lak-i- (“to draw, pull”) for ⟨laciō⟩.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pelni-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pel-ni- (“skin, hide”), from a root *pel- that may have meant “to strip, skin” but is not found on its own. Cognate…

It is the stative verb beside pendō “to hang up, weigh, pay”, as iaceō is beside iaciō. The root is Proto-Italic *pend-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”), also seen in pondus…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pend-e/o- (“to hang; to weigh”). De Vaan derives it from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to spin”), seen as a variant of *(s)penh₁- “to spin, weave”, and mentions…

It is from Latin pēnsus, its neuter, perfect participle of pendō “to weigh”, used as a noun, the weight of wool weighed out. De Vaan traces ⟨pendō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to spin”).

It is from Latin per- (“through, thoroughly”) + capiō (“to take”). An old tragic poet has the pluperfect ⟨percēpset⟩.

It is from Latin peregrē (“abroad”) + -īnus, ⟨peregrē⟩ being from per (“through, beyond”) and ager “field, land”: one from beyond the territory.

It is from Latin per- (“through, thoroughly”) + faciō (“to make, do”), as Varro noted.

It is from Latin per- + habeō (“to have, hold”). De Vaan traces ⟨habeō⟩ to Proto-Italic *xab-ē- (“has taken, has”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁b- (“to take”).

It is from Latin *perior (“to try”) + -culum, an unattested verb seen in experior and perītus. Wiktionary derives it from a Proto-Italic ⟨*per-ei-klom⟩, from an ⟨i⟩-present of Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin per- (“through”) + legō (“to read”). De Vaan traces ⟨legō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect”), cognate with Ancient Greek λέγω (légō, “to gather; to say”), and Wiktionary…

Its origin is disputed. Forssman derives it from an adjective *per-em-o- “destroying”, from the verb of perimō “to destroy”, with an abstract suffix -itiēs and syncope. Wachter instead reconstructs…

It is probably from Latin perna (“haunch, ham”) + -ix, compare ⟨-āx⟩ and ⟨-ōx⟩: quick on one's legs. Wiktionary notes that the expected form would be *pernāx. Lewis and Short's derivation from nītor…

It is from Latin per- + petō (“to make for, seek”) + -uus; compare perpes “continuous”. De Vaan traces ⟨petō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *pt-(e)y- (“to fly”).

It is from Latin per- (“through”) + sequor (“to follow”). De Vaan traces sequor to Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow, accompany”).

Its origin is unknown. The OLD calls it perhaps Etruscan, and the TLL a foreign word, since it can hardly be explained in Latin, usually connected for its first sense “mask” with borrowed from…

It is from Latin per- (“through”) + speciō (“to look”).

It is perhaps inherited from Proto-Italic *pertikā-. Its further origin is unknown: connections with Ancient Greek πτόρθος (ptórthos, “sprout”) and Sanskrit कपृथ् (kápṛth, “penis”) have been…

It is from Latin per- (“through”) + teneō (“to hold”).

It is from Latin per- (“through”) + veniō (“to come”). De Vaan traces ⟨veniō⟩ to Proto-Italic *gʷn-je/o- (“to come”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥-yé-.

It is probably the accusative of a u-stem *ped-tu- or *pet-tu- “falling”, from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to fall”), the root of pēs “foot”, as in a supine. Cognate with Sanskrit पद्यते (pádyate…

It is from Latin pingō (“to paint”) + -tura. The verb is from Proto-Italic *ping-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *pi-n-ḱ- (“to paint, adorn”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *piko-, perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)piko- (“woodpecker”). Cognate with Umbrian peico (“woodpecker”), Old High German speht (“woodpecker”) and Old…

Its origin is obscure. It resembles Ancient Greek πῖλος (pîlos, “felt, felt cap”), from which Saalfeld and Gaffiot derive it, and Wiktionary groups it with Russian полсть (polstʹ, “felt”) and Old…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pistlom (“pestle”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pis-tlom, from Proto-Indo-European *peys- (“to crush”), the root of pīnsō “to pound”. The OLD takes the…

Its origin is uncertain. The earlier form may have been a u-stem *pingu-. De Vaan rejects the older proposals, a blend of *piHwo- “fat” with a word like Ancient Greek παχύς (pakhús, “thick”), or a…

The origin is uncertain, and Wiktionary suggests that two sources have merged. In the sense “fin” it may be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)piHn- (“backbone, dorsal fin”), cognate with Old Irish ind…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *pins- (“to grind”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pi-n-s- (“to grind”), a nasal present of the root Proto-Indo-European *peys- (“to crush”). Cognate with…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *piski- (“fish”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pisk- (“fish”). Cognate with Old Irish íasc (“fish”), Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (fisks, “fish”) and English fish; de Vaan…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *piks, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pik- (“pitch”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Lithuanian pìkis (“pitch”) and Old Church Slavonic…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *plak-ē-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pl(e)h₂/₃k- (“to agree, be pleasant”), a stative verb beside plācō “to appease”. Its only close cognates are Tocharian…

The OLD derives it from Latin placeō (“to please”). The deeper origin is uncertain: Pokorny's link with Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”) is rejected by de Vaan, who suggests Proto-Indo-European…

1. It is inherited from Proto-Italic *plāgā, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pl(e)h₂g-h₂- (“blow”), from the root of plangō “to strike”. Cognate with Ancient Greek πληγή (plēgḗ, “blow, stroke”)…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD treats the senses “sole of the foot” and “shoot” under separate headwords. De Vaan follows Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet in taking the second as a back-formation…

1. It is inherited from Proto-Italic *plāno-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂-nó- (“flattened”), from the root *pleh₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Hittite palhi- (“wide, broad”), Old Prussian…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa, “broad street”), short for ⟨πλατεῖα ὁδός⟩ “broad way”, feminine of πλατύς (platús, “broad”). Catullus and Horace scan it ⟨platĕa⟩. Inscriptions…

It is from Latin plebs (“common people”) + scitum (“decree”), often written separately as plēbī scītum. scītum is the participle of scīscō “to vote for, decree”.