Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin aequus (“level, equal”) + -ō. De Vaan finds no convincing etymology for ⟨aequus⟩, probably from ⟨*aikwos⟩.

The origin is uncertain. The old explanation by Havet, from aes (“bronze”) and a noun *temos “cut”, as if “one who cuts the metal”, is followed by Hamp and by Lewis and Short, but de Vaan does not…

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + faciō (“to do, make”), with the vowel weakened to ⟨i⟩. Lewis and Short prefer the spelling ⟨adficiō⟩.

It is from Latin ad- (“at”) + fīnis (“boundary”): bordering on.

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + nōscō (“to get to know”), in its old form ⟨gnōscō⟩.

It is from Latin ager (“field”) + -estris, dissimilated from *agrestris.

It is from Latin ager (“field”) + -cola (“dweller, tiller”), from colō “to till”.

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan considers a derivative of the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂elh₂- (“to wander”) of ambulō “to walk about”, but notes that the meanings do not demand it and the suffix…

It is from Ancient Greek ἀλκυών (alkuṓn, “kingfisher”), reshaped with the suffix of words like terēdō and torpēdō.

The etymology is uncertain. De Vaan sets up Proto-Italic *alg- and a PIE root Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)lgʰ- (“(to be) cold”), and tentatively compares Modern Icelandic elgur (“frozen snow”). If…

It is from Latin aliēnus (“belonging to another”) + -ō, the verb suffix. The TLL notes it is lacking in the poets except the comic ones and Claudian.

It is from Latin ad- + laudō (“to praise”).

1. This verb is from Latin ad- + lēgō (“to send with a commission”). 2. This verb is from Latin ad- + legō (“to gather, choose”).

It is from Latin ad- + ligō (“to bind”).

It is from Latin alvus (“belly, cavity”) + -eus.

It is probably inherited from Proto-Italic *aulos, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eulo- (“tube, cavity”), with /u/ and /l/ changing places as in nervus and parvus. Cognate with Ancient Greek…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan tentatively reconstructs Proto-Italic *o/am-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂h₃m-ro-, comparing Sanskrit अम्ल (amlá, “sour”), Old Norse apr (“sharp, cold”) and Old…

It is from Latin amō (“to love”) + -tor, an agent noun.

It is from Latin ambigō (“to wander about; to waver, dispute”) + -uus. ⟨Ambigō⟩ is from amb- “around” and agō “to drive”.

It is from Latin ambi- (“around”) + eō (“to go”), but is conjugated regularly in the fourth conjugation.

It is from Latin ambiō (“to go round”) + -tiō; ⟨ambiō⟩ is from ambi- “around” and eō “to go”.

It is from Latin ambiō (“to go round, canvass”) + -tus, a verbal noun of the fourth declension. ⟨ambiō⟩ is from ambi- and eō (“to go”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

It is from Latin ambi- (“around”) + ūrō (“to burn”). De Vaan traces ⟨ūrō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ouse/o- (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews-e/o- (“to burn”), and notes that combūrō arose by…

It is from Latin ā- (“away from”) + mēns (“mind”), ⟨ā-⟩ being a form of ab-.

It is from Latin amīcus (“friend”) + -ia + amīcus is from amō “to love”. An inscription spells it ⟨ameic-⟩.

It is from Latin ab- (“away”) + mittō (“to send, let go”).

Its origin is unexplained. The OLD and Lewis & Short compare amō “to love”. De Vaan notes that the diphthong /oe/ in a second syllable is rare in Latin, and that Meiser reconstructs *ama-wen-o- from…

It is from Latin ab- (“away from”) + moveō (“to move”). De Vaan traces ⟨moveō⟩ to Proto-Italic *mow(a)-, from Proto-Indo-European *mi̯ewh₁- (“to move”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *anati-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₂-ti- (“duck”). Cognate with Sanskrit आति (ātí, “a waterbird”), Ancient Greek νῆσσα (nêssa, “duck”), Lithuanian…

It is from Latin ambi- (“on both sides”) + -ceps (“headed”), from caput “head”. Plautus has a nominative ⟨ancipes⟩.

It is from Latin angustus (“narrow”) + portus (“passage, harbour”). De Vaan traces ⟨angustus⟩ to Proto-Italic *angosto-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂emǵʰ-os-to- (“characterised by narrowness”), from…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *ange/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂emǵʰ-e/o- (“to tie, tighten”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄγχω (ánkhō, “to squeeze, strangle”), Hittite hamank- (“to…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *ang(e)lo-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-(e)lo- (“corner”). Cognate with Umbrian anglome (“into the corner”), Old Armenian անկիւն (ankiwn, “corner”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *angosto- (“narrow”), from the s-stem noun seen in angor, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂emǵʰ-os-to- (“characterized by narrowness”), from…

It is from Latin animus (“mind”) + advertō (“to turn towards”), and the phrase ⟨animum advertō⟩ is used as well.

It is from Latin animō (“to give life to, animate”), its perfect participle, from animus (“mind, spirit”). De Vaan traces ⟨animus⟩ to Proto-Italic *anamo- (“breath, spirit”), from…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *anamo- (“breath, spirit”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-mo- (“breath”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”). Cognate with Oscan…

It is from Latin ante- (“before”) + cēdō (“to go”).

It is from Latin ante- (“before”) + pōnō (“to place”).

It is from Latin ante- (“before”) + veniō (“to come”). De Vaan traces ⟨veniō⟩ to Proto-Italic *gʷn̥-je/o- (“to come”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥-ye/o- (“to come”).

It is a derivative from Latin ante (“before”), and reflects from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enti-h₃kʷ-o- (“facing the front”), from the root of ante and the root for “eye” seen in oculus. An older…

1. The ring is inherited from Proto-Italic *āno- (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂no- (“ring”). Cognate with Old Irish áinne (“ring”) and Old Armenian անուր (anur, “necklace, ring”). Lewis &…

It is from Latin ad- (“to, towards”) + parō (“to prepare, provide”). The verb parō is from Proto-Italic *parāje/o-, usually explained as a verb made from a noun Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃-o-…

1. The verb “to drive to” is a compound from Latin ad- (“to, towards”) + pellō (“to push, drive”); a Proto-Italic *adpelnō can be reconstructed, perhaps matched by Umbrian 𐌀𐌛𐌐𐌄𐌋𐌕𐌖 (ařpeltu). 2. It…

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + pendō (“to hang, weigh”), and is also spelled ⟨adpendō⟩.

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + plicō (“to fold”).

It is from Latin ad- + pōnō (“to put”).

It is from Latin ad- + portō (“to carry”). It is also spelled adportō.

It is from Latin ad- + prehendō (“to seize”).

It is from Latin ad- + probō (“to test, approve”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *arþōs. De Vaan connects it with arduus “high”, from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₃rdʰ- (“upright, high”), and reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *h₃rdʰ-ōs…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn, “master builder”), from ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) and τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”), adapted. The form ⟨architectōn⟩ is rare. Inscriptions have…

It is from Latin āridus (“dry”), a derivative of āreō “to be dry”, from Proto-Italic *ās-ē-, Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁s-eh₁- (“to be dry”). Wiktionary compares the formation of audeō from avidus…

It is from Latin ārdeō (“to burn”) + -or.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *ās-ē- (“to be dry”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁s-eh₁- (“to be dry”). Cognate with Tocharian A asatär (“dries up”). āridus “dry” and ārdeō “to burn”…

It is from Latin arguō (“to show, prove”) + -mentum. De Vaan takes arguō as a verb “to make bright, make clear” made from an adjective Proto-Italic *argu- (“bright”), from Proto-Indo-European…

It is probably a verb formed from an adjective, from Proto-Italic *argu- (“bright”), Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ-u- (“white”), so first “to make bright, make clear”. The adjective survives in…

It is from Latin arguō (“to make clear, prove”), its participle.

It is from Latin āreō (“to be dry”) + -idus. Āreō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- (“to burn, glow”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *ariēts, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r-i-(e)t- (“a domestic animal”). Cognate with Umbrian erietu (“ram (accusative)”), Old Irish heirp (“she-goat, doe”)…