Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek τύραννος (túrannos, “absolute ruler”). The OLD and Köbler (after Frisk) take the Greek word as probably of Asian origin, from Asia Minor or the Aegean.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *wolVwā- (“leaf of a door”), perhaps from an adjective Proto-Indo-European *wol-eu-o- (“turning”) made from the u-present of the root seen in volvō (“to roll…

De Vaan follows Schrijver: it is inherited from Proto-Italic *kwapōs (“vapour”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kwuh₂ep-s- (“smoke”), with loss of the first consonant. Cognate with Ancient…

It is from Latin volvō (“to roll, turn”) + -bilis, with the lengthened ⟨-ū-⟩ usual in such derivatives. De Vaan traces volvō to Proto-Italic *welu-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *uel-u- (“to wind”)…

It is from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”), a verb *-dō “to put”, with ab- (“away”), as in Sanskrit दधाति (dádhāti) and Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi).

It is from Latin ab- (“away”) + dūcō (“to lead”). Dūcō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to lead”). The epitaph of a Scipio has the old spelling ⟨abdoucit⟩.

The OLD derives it, with a query, from Latin ab- + habeō (“to have, hold”), and Wiktionary gives the same. De Vaan traces ⟨habeō⟩ to Proto-Italic *xab-ē- (“has taken, has”), from Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin ab- (“away”) + iaciō (“to throw”), with the vowel of the stem weakened to ⟨i⟩ in the compound.

It is probably a borrowing from a pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language. It resembles Ancient Greek ἄβιν (ábin, “fir”), a form in Hesychius, from *abi-, which de Vaan thinks may not be Greek…

It is from Latin abeō (“to go away”) + -tiō. ⟨abeō⟩ is from ab- and eō (“to go”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *ei- (“to go”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

It is from Latin ab- (“away from”) + lēgō (“to send, depute”). ⟨lēgō⟩ is from lēx (“law”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *lēg-; he dates ⟨ablēgāre⟩ “to send away on a mission” from Plautus.

It is from Latin aborior (“to pass away; to miscarry”) + -tiō, from ab- and orior “to rise, be born”.

It is from Latin abs- (“away”) + cēdō (“to go, withdraw”). De Vaan traces ⟨cēdō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kesd-e/o- (“to go away”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyesdʰ- (“to drive away; go away”).

It is from Latin abs- (“away”) + caedō (“to cut”). Lewis & Short distinguish it from abscindō, to tear off.

It is from Latin abs- (“away”) + condō (“to put away, hide”). The perfect is abscondī or the older abscondidī, used by Plautus, and a participle absconsum also appears.

It is from Latin ab- (“away”) + sistō (“to stand, set”). Georges compares Ancient Greek ἀφίστημι (aphístēmi, “to stand away”).

It is from Latin ab- (“away”) + teneō (“to hold”).

It is from Latin ab- (“away”) + sūmō (“to take”).

It is from Latin ab- (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). It takes an accusative or ablative, and Plautus also uses it in a passive sense.

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + cēdō (“to go”).

It is from Latin accipiō (“to receive”) + -tō, a frequentative. Accipiō is from ad- and capiō “to take”.

It is from Latin accipiō (“to receive, accept”) + -tor. ⟨accipiō⟩ is from ad- and capiō (“to take”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kap-i-.

It is from Latin accipiō (“to receive”) + -trīx, the feminine of acceptor. ⟨accipiō⟩ is from ad- and capiō (“to take”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kap-i-.

It is generally explained as inherited from Proto-Italic *aku-petri- (“having swift wings”), with ⟨acu-⟩ from a word for “swift” and ⟨-piter⟩ “wing”; compare Ancient Greek ὠκύπτερος (ōkúpteros…

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + causa (“cause, lawsuit”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *akri-þo- (“having sharpness”) or *akro-þo-, from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) of ācer “sharp”. Nussbaum sees in it the same suffix that elsewhere…

Its origin is uncertain. Rix derived it from *akes-uo-, from the neuter s-stem of acus “chaff”, so “heap of chaff”, then “heap”; de Vaan calls the sense shift a guess, though the form is possible…

It is from Latin aceō (“to be sour”), originally the participle of a verb meaning “to turn sour”, with ⟨vīnum⟩ “wine” understood. Wiktionary explains the form as from acēscō on the model of…

It is from Latin aceō (“to be sour”) + -idus. Köbler and Etymonline trace it to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).

It is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”), the root of ācer “sharp” and acuō “to sharpen”. Isidore of Seville derived the battle line from its sharp swords.

It is an agent noun, from Latin āctus + -tor, the participle of agō “to drive, do”.

The TLL calls its origin uncertain. The OLD derives it from Latin āctus (“act”), like ⟨astūtus⟩ from ⟨astū⟩, and Wiktionary gives either the adverbial accusative of an unattested ⟨*āctūtus⟩, or a…

It is from Latin addīcō (“to assign, award, hand over”), its perfect participle, from ad- and dīcō (“to say”). De Vaan traces ⟨dīcō⟩ to Proto-Italic *deik-e/o- (“to say”).

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + dūcō (“to lead”). Dūcō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to lead”).

1. The verb is from Latin ad- (“to”) + eō (“to go”). De Vaan traces ⟨eō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ei- (“to go”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”). 2. The adverb is from Latin ad- (“to”) + eō…

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + haereō (“to cling, stick”).

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + habeō (“to have, hold”).

It is from Latin ad- (“to, towards”) + iaciō (“to throw”), with the vowel of the stem weakened to ⟨i⟩ in the compound.

It is from Latin ad- + emō (“to take, buy”).

It is the frequentative from Latin adiuvō (“to help”) + -tō, from ad- and iuvō. De Vaan traces ⟨iuvō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁ewH- (“to help”), cognate with Sanskrit अवति (ávati, “helps”).

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + iuvō (“to help”).

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + migrō (“to move, migrate”). De Vaan derives ⟨migrō⟩ from Proto-Italic *migro-, probably a ro-adjective “changing” from the stem Proto-Indo-European *h₂migʷ- seen in…

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + ministrō (“to attend, serve”), from minister “attendant”. A spelling ⟨amministrō⟩ also occurs.

It is from Latin ad- + mīror (“to wonder at”).

It is from Latin ad- + mittō (“to send, let go”). Lewis & Short take its first meaning as “to send to”, then “to let come to”.

It is from Latin ad- (“at”) + mordeō (“to bite”). De Vaan traces ⟨mordeō⟩ to Proto-Italic *mord-eje-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂mord-eye- (“to crush, bite”).

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + moveō (“to move”). De Vaan traces ⟨moveō⟩ to Proto-Italic *mow(a)-, from Proto-Indo-European *mi̯ewh₁- (“to move”).

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + optō (“to choose”). The TLL notes that it was in use from Plautus through all Latin. An inscription has ⟨atoptetur⟩.

It is perhaps a back-formation from Latin adulterō (“to commit adultery, falsify”), from ad- and alter “other”. Festus explained it as one who goes to another man's wife or another woman's husband.

It is from Latin adulter (“adulterous; adulterer”) + -īnus.

It is from Latin adulter (“adulterer”) + -ium. De Vaan lists adulter “clandestine lover” among the derivatives of alius “other”, as a compound of ad and alter. The OLD suggests adulter may be a…

It is from Latin adolēscō (“to grow up”), its perfect participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan explains ad-ultus, like altus, from Proto-Italic *alto- (“fed, raised”), Proto-Indo-European *h₂l-to-…

It is from Latin adveniō (“to arrive”) + -tus, the action suffix.

It is from Latin advocō (“to call to one's aid”), its past participle, used as a noun. The TLL and Wiktionary compare Oscan akkatus (“advocates”), perhaps pointing to a Proto-Italic ⟨*adwokātos⟩.

It is from Latin aedificō (“to build”) + -ium. The verb is formed from aedēs “dwelling” with -ficō, from faciō “to make”. Aedēs is *aiþ- (“fireplace”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)idh-…

It is from Latin aedēs (“building, temple”) and the verbal element -ficō, from faciō “to make”.

It is from Latin aemulus (“rivalling”) + -ō, the verbal suffix, in deponent form. An active form ⟨aemulō⟩ also occurs.

It is a diminutive *aimelo-, from Proto-Italic *aimo- (“imitation”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ei-mo-. Cognate with Hittite himma- (“imitation, substitute”). De Vaan suggests that the noun “rival”…

It is from Latin aequō (“to make level, equal”) + -bilis, from aequus “level, equal”.

It is from Latin aequus (“level, even, equal”) + -ē, an adverb. De Vaan finds no convincing etymology for ⟨aequus⟩, probably from ⟨*aikwos⟩.