apparo

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈap.pa.roː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈap.pa.ro]^[1]

Forms

apparō (present infinitive apparāre, perfect active apparāvī, supine apparātum); first conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin ad- (“to, towards”) + parō (“to prepare, provide”).^[2][1] The verb parō is inherited from Proto-Italic *parāje/o-, usually explained as a verb made from a noun Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃-o- (“providing”).^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^[3] who has a character go in so that what is needed may be made ready.^[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant to prepare, make ready or provide, often with effort and expense, as a meal or a dinner.^[2][5] Lewis and Short call it frequent and classical.^[2][5] It also meant to make preparations for a project, a wedding, games or a war, to get ready to do something, and to provide in addition.^[2]

A Vulgar Latin *appariculāre, perhaps from apparāre, gave Old French apareillier and English apparel, first “to prepare”, in the late 13th century.^[6] It survives in Romanian apăra and Italian apparare.^[1]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of making things ready.^[2][4]
• 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of preparing a dinner.^[5][4]
• c. 50 BC – Caesar says the enemy were getting ready to act by night.^[2][4]
• late 13th century – English apparel “to prepare” is recorded.^[6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To prepare, make ready, provide.^[2]
2. To make preparations for, organise.^[2]
3. To get ready (to do something).^[2]
4. To provide in addition.^[2]

Word family

• apparāmentum
• apparātiō
• apparator
• apparatorium
• apparatrix
• apparātus
• apparātē

Related words

• parō
• English apparatus
• English apparel

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
6. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com