Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin aeger (“sick, ill”) + -tūdō. De Vaan traces aeger to Proto-Italic *aigro- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyg-ro-.

It is a denominative verb from Latin aegrōtus (“sick”). De Vaan calls the adjective an old formation, perhaps ⟨*aigroh₁-to-⟩ “with sickness”, from aeger (“sick”), which goes back to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin aeger (“sick”), an old formation: the endings ⟨-ōtus⟩ and ⟨-ōtāre⟩ are not productive in Latin. De Vaan suggests ⟨*aigroh1-to-⟩ “with sickness”, built on a noun ⟨*aigro-⟩ that may…

It is from Latin aes (“copper, bronze”) + -neus. De Vaan traces aes to Proto-Italic *ajos and Proto-Indo-European *h₂ei-os (“bronze”), with the adjective Proto-Italic *ajes-no- (“made of bronze”)…

It is from Latin aēnus (“of bronze”), its neuter, used as a noun, beside aēneus. De Vaan derives these adjectives from aes “bronze”, through Proto-Italic *ajes-no- and Proto-Indo-European…

The origin is unknown. It is often taken as a loan from Ancient Greek αἰρομένη (airoménē, “being lifted”), but de Vaan notes that Greek never uses this participle as a noun meaning “burden”; a…

It is from Latin aerumna (“toil, hardship”) + -ōsus. The origin of aerumna is unknown: it is often taken as a loan of Ancient Greek αἰρομένη (airoménē), a participle, but de Vaan notes that Greek…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *aissāt-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eidʰ-teh₂t- (“burning, heat”), from the root *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn”) of aedēs. Most handbooks take its ⟨-st-⟩ as the…

It is formed from Latin -īvus + aestus (“heat”) according to the OLD and the TLL, or from aestās (“summer”) according to Wiktionary; the TLL notes that its meaning follows ⟨aestās⟩. De Vaan derives…

It is formed from Latin aestus (“heat, surge”). De Vaan lists ⟨aestus⟩ under aestās (“summer”), from Proto-Italic *aissu- and Proto-Indo-European *h2eidh-tu- (“burning, heat”); he thinks the forms…

It is from Latin aestus (“heat, swell of the sea”) + -ōsus (“full of”). De Vaan derives aestus, with aestās (“summer”), from Proto-Italic *aissu- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂eidʰ-tu- (“burning…

It is formed from Latin ad- + fīgō (“to drive in, fasten”). De Vaan derives fīgō from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeigʷ-e/o- or *dʰiHgʷ-e/o-, and lists affīgō among its derivatives.

It is formed from Latin affīnis (“neighbouring; related by marriage”) + -tās. affīnis is made from fīnis (“boundary”), whose further etymology de Vaan calls disputed.

The origin is uncertain. The TLL thinks it is probably connected with agō (“to drive”), as do Lewis & Short, Georges and Köbler; the OLD compares equisō (“groom”). Wiktionary suggests that it may…

1. The verb “bring” is from Latin ad- (“to, towards”) + gerō (“to carry, bear”). De Vaan lists it, from Plautus on, among the compounds of gerō, which he traces to Proto-Indo-European *h₂ǵ-es- (“to…

It is from Latin ad- + gradior (“to step, walk”).

It is from Latin agitō (“to drive, put in motion”) + -tor, an agent noun. agitō is formed from agō (“to drive”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h2eǵ-e/o- (“to drive, lead”).

It is formed from Latin agō (“to drive, do”) + -itō, with the frequentative suffix. agō goes back to Proto-Italic *ag-e/o- (“to do, act”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-e/o- (“to drive, lead”).

It is from Latin agnīnus (“of a lamb”), used as a noun with carō (“flesh”) understood. That adjective is formed from agnus (“lamb”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *agwno- and…

It is a lengthened form from Latin ā, the interjection (also written ⟨āh⟩). The grammarian Priscian took the longer form to be the original one, though it is the rarer.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *alfo- (“white”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elbʰ-o- (“white”). Cognate with Umbrian alfu “white” and, according to Festus, Sabine alpus, and further…

It has no known etymology. The OLD derives it from Ancient Greek ἠλεός (ēleós, “distraught, crazed”), a suggestion de Vaan thinks better dismissed. De Vaan speculates that, since knucklebones were…

It is from Latin ālea (“game of dice, gambling”) + -tor, or, as the OLD puts it, from a verb ⟨*āleō⟩ formed from that noun. De Vaan finds no known etymology for ālea: he dismisses a loan from…

It is from Latin algeō (“to be cold, feel cold”) + -or. De Vaan calls the etymology of the verb and its family uncertain: he sets up Proto-Italic *alg- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)lgʰ/ǵ- (“(to be)…

It is from Latin alius (“other”), the feminine ablative used as an adverb with ⟨viā⟩ “way” understood. De Vaan derives the pronoun from Proto-Italic *aljo- (“another”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is an adverb from Latin alius (“other”), in form an old feminine accusative or genitive, like forās. De Vaan traces ⟨alius⟩ to Proto-Italic *aljo- (“another”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos…

It is from Latin ali- (“some, other”) + ubī (“where”). Wiktionary takes the second part as cubī, the original form of the adverb, built on the interrogative stem Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-. De Vaan…

It is from Latin *ali- + unde (“from where”), the first element being the one in aliquis.

It is formed from Latin alius (“other”) + -ō, the adverbial ending of direction. De Vaan derives ⟨alius⟩ from Proto-Italic *al-jo- (“another”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-io- (“another”). Cognate…

It is a contraction of ⟨aliōvorsum⟩, which also occurs: the OLD analyses it as from Latin aliō (“to another place”) + vorsum (“turned”), ⟨vorsum⟩ being the older spelling of ⟨versum⟩. Wiktionary…

It is formed from Latin ali- + quandō (“when”), the indefinite prefix (of aliquis, related to alius). Corssen took the ending of ⟨quandō⟩ to be an old word for “day”.

It is from Latin aliquantus (“some amount of”), its ablative of measure, used as an adverb; the adjective is formed from ali-, as in alius (“other”), and quantus (“how great”).

It is formed from Latin ali- (“some-”) + quī (“which”), ⟨ali-⟩ being the stem of alius (“other”).

It is from Latin ali- + quis, from the stem of alius (“other”) and the indefinite quis (“anyone”). De Vaan explains ⟨ali-⟩ as either cut from ⟨alius⟩ or a rapid-speech form of ⟨*alie-quis⟩.

It is formed from Latin ali- (“some-”) + quō (“whither”), beside aliquis (“someone”). The second part belongs to the pronoun quis (“who”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

It is formed from Latin alius (“other”) + -ter. alius goes back to Proto-Italic *al-jo- (“another”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-io- (“another”).

It has no accepted etymology. De Vaan speculates that it might come from āla (“wing”), the garlic bulb being divided into “wings”, and compares Old High German klobalouh (“garlic”) and Old Saxon…

It is from Latin alius (“other”) + unde (“whence”), with the stem ⟨ali-⟩. De Vaan traces alius to Proto-Italic *al-jo- (“another”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-io- (“another”), comparing Ancient…

The origin is uncertain. Köbler takes it as borrowed from Ancient Greek ἁλικόν (halikón, “brine”), related to ἁλυκός (halukós, “salty”) and ἅλς (háls, “salt”), and Wiktionary derives it from the…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *almo- (“fostering”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)l-mo-, from the root of alō (“to feed, nourish”). De Vaan gives the root as Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin altercor (“to dispute, wrangle”) + -tiō, an action noun. That verb is formed from alter (“the other (of two)”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *alomnos, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-o-mh₁no- (“being fed”), the middle present participle of Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”), the…

It is from Latin amō (“to love”) + -bilis. De Vaan traces amō to Proto-Italic *ama- (“to take, hold”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₃mh₃- (“to take hold of”); the Latin meaning developed from “to take…

It is formed from Latin ambi- (“around”) + agō (“to drive, lead”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of agō, which he traces to Proto-Italic *ag-e/o- (“to do, act”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin amiciō (“to throw around, clothe”) + -ulum. De Vaan lists amiciō among the compounds of iaciō (“to throw”), and reports Schrijver's view that it continues ⟨*ambic-i-⟩. Festus…

It is from Latin amoenus (“pleasant, delightful”) + -tās. De Vaan leaves amoenus unexplained: he reports Meiser's reconstruction *ama-wen-o-, but doubts that it would give the Latin form, and…

It is from Latin ab- + mōlior (“to labour, move with effort”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of mōlēs (“mass, heavy burden”), noting that the noun is attested later than the verb and could…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄμωμον (ámōmon, “an Indian spice plant”). Beekes calls the Greek word an Oriental loanword and compares κιννάμωμον (kinnámōmon, “cinnamon”). Köbler too describes it…

It is a frequentative, from Latin amplector (“to embrace”) + -tō. De Vaan explains amplector as plectō (“to plait”) with the prefix ⟨amb-⟩, and traces that verb to Proto-Italic *plekt- and…

It is from Latin amphora (“two-handled jar”), a diminutive formed irregularly from it. Lewis & Short give, besides this, an older explanation from amb- (“on both sides”) and olla (“pot”), for a…

It is from Latin ancilla (“maidservant”) + -ula, a diminutive of a word that is itself a diminutive in form. ancilla belongs with the old word anculus (“servant”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is from Latin ānus (“ring”) + -ellus. Lewis and Short call it a diminutive of ānulus (“ring”), which is formed from the same noun. The noun goes back to Proto-Italic *āno- (“ring”) and…

It is from Latin anhēlō (“to pant”) + -tus, formed like spīritus. De Vaan takes anhēlō as a verb from anhēlus (“panting”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *anaslo- (“breath”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin an (“or, whether”) + -ne (“interrogative particle”). De Vaan traces an to Proto-Italic *an and, with a question mark, to Proto-Indo-European *h₂en (“there, on the other side”); he…

The OLD and Lewis and Short derive it from Latin annus (“year”) + -ōna, as in Bellōna and Pōmōna, “the year's produce”. Wiktionary instead takes it as a compound, Proto-Italic *atnoznā, with a…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *ansā- (“handle”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ens-h₂- (“handle, grip”). Cognate with Lithuanian ąsà (“handle of a pot”) and Latvian ùosa (“handle of a…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *χans-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). The initial /h/ was lost, and the long /ā/ is regular before ⟨ns⟩; Leumann explains the ⟨-er-⟩ of the…

It is formed from Latin ante- (“before”) + eō (“to go”). The old forms with ⟨antid-⟩ follow the pattern of redeō and ⟨antideā⟩, to avoid hiatus. De Vaan traces ⟨eō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ei- and…

The origin is unknown. Wiktionary suggests a Proto-Italic ⟨*antitempnā⟩, from Proto-Indo-European *temp- (“to stretch, extend”), and Etymonline mentions the same root as a possibility. Lewis & Short…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄπαγε (ápage, “lead away!, go away!”), the imperative of ἀπάγω (apágō, “to lead away”). That verb is a compound of ἀπό (apó, “away”) and ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”).