Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin ab- + sorbeō (“to suck in, swallow”). De Vaan traces sorbeō to Proto-Italic *sorfeie- and Proto-Indo-European *srobʰ-eie- (“to slurp”), an iterative, perhaps partly imitative of the…

It is from Latin ab- (“away”) + tergeō (“to wipe, rub clean”), with the prefix in the form ⟨abs-⟩. De Vaan traces tergeō to Proto-Italic *terg- and finds no certain cognates.

It is from Latin ab- (“away”) + terreō (“to frighten”), with the prefix in the form ⟨abs-⟩. De Vaan traces terreō to Proto-Italic *tros-eje- (“to scare”) and Proto-Indo-European *tros-eie- (“to make…

It is from Latin abs- + trūdō (“to thrust, push”). De Vaan traces trūdō to Proto-Italic *treude/o- and Proto-Indo-European *treud- (“to push, thrust”).

It is formed from Latin ab- + sum (“to be”), “to be away from”. De Vaan lists it among the compounds of sum, which he traces to Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”). The TLL compares Ancient Greek…

It is from Latin absurdus (“out of tune; absurd”) + -ē. De Vaan explains absurdus as a compound of ab- and surdus (“deaf”), meaning “unheard of”, since words for deaf can mean both “not hearing” and…

It is from Latin ad- + cēnseō (“to assess, count”), “to count in addition”. Varro instead connected the noun ⟨accēnsus⟩ “attendant” with acciō (“to summon”), because such men were often summoned for…

1. The attendant is from Latin accēnseō (“to reckon in addition”), its participle used as a noun. De Vaan lists it under cēnseō (“to assess”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *knsē- (“to estimate”)…

It is from Latin accipiō (“to receive”), its perfect participle, used as an adjective. The verb is from ad- and capiō (“to take, seize”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *kap-i- (“to seize”)…

It is from Latin accēdō + -tiō, from the verb “to approach”, a compound of ad- (“to”) and cēdō (“to go, withdraw”). De Vaan reports Lubotsky's derivation of ⟨cēdō⟩ from Proto-Indo-European *ḱiesdʰ-…

It is formed from Latin ad- (“to”) + cieō (“to set in motion, summon”). De Vaan reconstructs for ⟨cieō⟩ an aorist Proto-Indo-European *(ḱ)ei(h₂)- (“to start to move”), cognate with Ancient Greek…

It is from Latin accolō (“to dwell near”), with the noun ending ⟨-a⟩. The verb is ad- (“near”) with colō (“to till, inhabit”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kʷele/o- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin ad- + commodō (“to make fit; to lend”), as the TLL and the OLD explain it; Festus already connected it with modus (“measure”). The verb commodō is from commodus (“fit, convenient”)…

It is formed from Latin ad- + crēdō (“to believe”). De Vaan traces crēdō to Proto-Indo-European *ḱred-dʰeh₁- (“to place (in?) the heart”).

It is from Latin ad- + cubō (“to lie down”).

It is from Latin ad- + -cumbō (“to lie down”). De Vaan reconstructs the nasal present behind -cumbō and cubō (“to lie”) as Proto-Italic *kumbe/o- (“to lie down”), comparing Faliscan cupat (“lies”)…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin accūrō (“to take care of”). The verb is formed from ad- (“to”) and cūra (“care”) or cūrō (“to take care of”).

It is from Latin ad- + cūrō (“to care for”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of cūra (“care”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *kʷois-ā- (“care, watch”); he connects this, with some…

It is from Latin ad- + currō (“to run”). De Vaan traces currō to Proto-Italic *korse/o- (“to run”) and Proto-Indo-European *kr̥s-e/o- (“to run”). Cognate with Old Irish carr (“vehicle”).

It is from Latin accūsō (“to accuse”) + -trīx (“feminine agent suffix”), the feminine counterpart of accūsātor (“accuser, prosecutor”). The verb is formed from ad- and causa (“legal case, cause”)…

It is from Latin ad- + quiēscō (“to rest”). De Vaan lists it under quiēs (“rest”), from Proto-Italic *kwiē-ti- (“rest”) and Proto-Indo-European *kwieh1-ti- (“rest, peace”), from a root aorist…

It is formed from Latin ācer (“sharp, keen”) + -ter. De Vaan traces ācer to Proto-Italic *ā̆kri- (“sharp”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-ro- (“sharp”), cognate with Oscan akrid (“sharply”), Ancient…

It is from Latin acus (“needle”) + -uleus, a diminutive suffix; Priscian took it as a diminutive of that noun with a change of gender. The TLL compares acuō “to sharpen”, and perhaps an Anglo-Saxon…

It is from Latin acuō (“to sharpen”), its past participle used as an adjective. De Vaan puts the verb with acus (“needle”) and acūmen (“sharp point”), from a Proto-Italic *aku- that continues the…

It is from Latin ad- + aequē (“equally”), built on the adverb of aequus (“level, equal”), for which de Vaan finds no convincing etymology. Wiktionary suggests instead that it may be a back-formation…

It is from Latin ad- + augeō (“to increase”). De Vaan traces augeō to Proto-Italic *augeje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂eug-s- (“to grow”).

It is from Latin ad- + decet (“it is fitting”), with ad- as an intensive prefix according to Lewis and Short. De Vaan traces decet to Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-eh1-, the root of Ancient Greek δέχομαι…

It is from Latin adhaereō (“to stick to”) + -scō, an inchoative verb, or ad- with haerēscō. De Vaan traces haereō (“to stick”) to Proto-Italic *χais-ē-, and finds no credible cognates.

It is from Latin ad- + hortor (“to urge, encourage”). De Vaan takes hortor as a frequentative of horior (“to urge”), made from a past participle or shortened from the older form found in Ennius, and…

It is a univerbation from Latin ad (“to”) + hūc (“hither”), “up to here”. De Vaan explains ⟨hūc⟩ from ⟨*hoi-ke⟩, a case form of hic “this” with the particle ⟨-ce⟩.

It is formed from Latin ad- (“to”) + agō (“to drive”). De Vaan traces ⟨agō⟩ to Proto-Italic *age/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-e/o- (“to drive, lead”), and compares Old Irish aigid (“drives”)…

It is formed from Latin ad- (“to, towards”) + apīscor (“to reach, get”), with the vowel of the root weakened. De Vaan derives ⟨apīscor⟩, which he does not separate from apiō (“to tie”) and aptus…

It is formed from Latin adeō (“to go to, approach”) + -tus, an action noun. adeō is made from eō (“to go”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Italic *ei- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁ei- (“to go”).

It is from Latin ad- + iūdicō (“to judge”), from iūdex (“judge”), for which de Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *jowes-dik- (“judge”), built on the word that became iūs (“law”).

It is from Latin adiuvō (“to help”) + -mentum, contracted from ⟨*adiuvāmentum⟩. The verb is from ad- and iuvō (“to help”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *ijow- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁euH-…

It is formed from Latin ad- (“to”) + iungō (“to join, yoke”). De Vaan traces iungō to Proto-Italic *jung-e/o- and the nasal present Proto-Indo-European *(H)iu-n-g- (“to yoke”).

It is from Latin ad- + iūrō (“to swear”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of iūs (“law, oath”), from which iūrō was formed as a denominative verb, Proto-Italic *jowes-ā-je-; Old Latin has the…

It is formed from Latin adiuvō (“to help”) + -tor, the agent suffix. De Vaan derives ⟨iuvō⟩ from Proto-Italic *ijow- and the present Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁euH- (“to help”), cognate with…

It is from Latin adiuvō (“to help”) + -trīx, the feminine of adiūtor. De Vaan traces iuvō to Proto-Italic *ijow- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁euH- (“to help”). Cognate with Sanskrit अवति (ávati…

The origin is disputed. De Vaan, following Walde and Hofmann and Serbat, takes it as ad- with Proto-Italic *mino- (“structure, support”), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)mi-no-, the root of moenia…

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + misceō (“to mix”). De Vaan traces misceō to Proto-Italic *mik-sk-e/o- (“to mix”) and Proto-Indo-European *miḱ-sk-e/o-. Cognate with Ancient Greek μείγνυμι (meígnumi…

It is formed from Latin ad- (“to, toward”) + moneō (“to remind, warn”). De Vaan derives moneō from Proto-Italic *moneje-, from Proto-Indo-European *mon-eie- (“to make think of, remind”), a causative…

It is from Latin ad- (“to, against”) + nītor (“to lean, strive”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of nītor, which he reconstructs as Proto-Italic *kniχw-et-; the verb's first meaning could…

It is from Latin ad- + numerō (“to count”). numerō is formed from numerus (“number”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *nomeso- and Proto-Indo-European *nem-e/os- (“apportioning”), comparing…

It is formed from Latin ad- (“to, towards”) + *nuō (“to nod”), found only in compounds. De Vaan derives ⟨-nuō⟩ from Proto-Italic *nowe/o- and Proto-Indo-European *neu-e/o- (“to nod”), the root also…

It is from Latin ad- + ōrnō (“to equip, adorn”). De Vaan takes ōrnō as the original denominative verb of ōrdō (“row, order”), with a specialised sense, from Proto-Italic *ord-n- (“row, order”); he…

It is formed from Latin ad- + sum, “to be at”. The verb “to be” continues Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”). Oscan has the same compound in the future perfect adfust.

It is formed from Latin adulēscēns (“young person”) + -ia. The noun is the present participle of adolēscō (“to grow up”), which de Vaan lists with alō (“to nourish”), from Proto-Italic *ale/o- (“to…

It is the diminutive from Latin adulēscēns (“young man”) + -ulus, first as an adjective “very young” and then as a noun. The base is the participle of adolēscō (“to grow up”), which de Vaan derives…

It is formed from Latin adveniō (“to arrive”) or from ad- and the root of veniō (“to come”), like incola (“inhabitant”). De Vaan notes that it cannot be a recent derivative of the verb, though its…

It is the frequentative from Latin adveniō (“to arrive”) + -tō. ⟨veniō⟩ is from Proto-Italic *gʷn-je/o- (“to come”) and Proto-Indo-European *gʷm-ie/o- (“to come”), according to de Vaan. Cognate with…

It is a denominative verb from Latin adversus (“turned towards, opposite”), the past participle of advertō (“to turn towards”), from ad- and vertō (“to turn”). Wiktionary traces vertō to…

It is from Latin ad- + volō (“to fly”). De Vaan reports Muller's derivation of volō from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₁- (“to raise the arm, throw”), which Walde and Hofmann rejected; he thinks a shift…

It is from Latin aedēs (“room, temple, (plural) house”) + -cula, a diminutive. De Vaan explains that aedēs first meant the fireplace, then the room with a fireplace and a small temple of one room…

It is from Latin aedificō (“to build”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin aedīlis (“aedile”) + -icius. aedīlis is formed on aedēs “temple; house”, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *aiþ- (“fireplace”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)idʰ- (“burning”): the…

It is from Latin aedīlis (“aedile”) + -tās. The aedile was named from aedēs (“temple, house”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *aiþ- (“fireplace”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)idʰ- (“burning”): the…

It is from Latin aeditumus (“temple keeper”), the older form, through the loss of its ⟨m⟩, and was the commoner form in everyday speech. The OLD analyses aeditumus as a derivative of aedēs…

In de Vaan's reconstruction it is inherited from Proto-Italic *aigro-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eig-ro-, but he gives no cognates; he finds the link with Tocharian A ekär (“empty”) less…

It is the adverb from Latin aeger (“sick, troubled”) + -ē. De Vaan traces the adjective to Proto-Italic *aigro- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂eig-ro-.