Latin words first recorded in the 2nd century BC

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *souge/o- (“to suck”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *seug-e/o- (“to suck”). De Vaan finds the root as ⟨*suḱ-⟩ in Celtic, Balto-Slavic and some Germanic words…

It is from Latin sūs (“pig”) + -īle.

It is from Latin sulcus (“furrow”) + -ō. De Vaan derives ⟨sulcus⟩ from Proto-Italic *solko- and Proto-Indo-European *solk-o- (“furrow”), which he prefers to a form with a syllabic ⟨l⟩ because of the…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek συμπάθεια (sumpátheia, “fellow feeling”), from συμπαθής (sumpathḗs, “affected by like feelings”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tata, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tata-, a word of children's speech, ultimately imitating baby talk. Compare the similar atta. Cognate with Ancient Greek…

It is formed from Latin temperāns (“moderate, self-restrained”) + -ia, ⟨temperāns⟩ being the present participle of temperō (“to moderate, restrain”). De Vaan derives the verb from ⟨*tempes-āje-⟩…

It is from Latin tempus + -ālis, formed on the stem ⟨tempor-⟩ of the noun for time. De Vaan derives tempus from Proto-Italic *tempos- (“stretch, measure”) and Proto-Indo-European *temp-os…

It is from Latin teneō (“to hold”) + -or. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of teneō, which he traces to Proto-Italic *t(e)nē- and Proto-Indo-European *tn̥-eh₁- (“to hold”), a stative present…

It is from Latin tepeō (“to be warm”) + -or. De Vaan traces tepeō to Proto-Italic *tep-ē- (“to be warm”) and Proto-Indo-European *t(e)p-eh₁- (“to be warm”); the noun might continue an old neuter…

The origin is uncertain. Lewis & Short treat it as a form of ⟨taetricus⟩, from taeter (“foul, repulsive”), but the OLD thinks it probably not connected with that word, and Wiktionary points out that…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē, “case, box, receptacle”), from τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put, place”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, set”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek θεολογία (theología, “an account of the gods”), from θεολόγος (theológos, “one who discourses on the gods”), formed from θεός (theós, “god”) and -λογία (-logía).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek θόλος (thólos, “vaulted building, dome”). Köbler connects the Greek word with the Indo-European root *dʰel- (“vault, hollow”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek τίγρις (tígris, “tiger”). Wiktionary takes the Greek word to be probably of Indo-Iranian origin, and Köbler compares the word for arrow in Avestan. Isidore of…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πτισάνη (ptisánē, “pearl barley”). Georges and Köbler connect the Greek word with πτίσσω (ptíssō, “to crush, pound”), and Köbler tentatively takes it further to…

It is formed from Latin toga + -ātus (“provided with”). De Vaan derives ⟨toga⟩ from Proto-Italic *togā- (“cover, cloak”), from the root of tegō (“to cover”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin tondeō + -ūra, with the regular change of ⟨-dt-⟩ to ⟨-s-⟩. De Vaan derives the verb from Proto-Italic *tond-eje- and Proto-Indo-European *tond-eie- (“to shear”).

It is from Latin trālātus + -īcius, the first element being a variant of trānslātus (“carried across, handed on”), the perfect participle of trānsferō “to carry across”.

It is from Latin tribus (“tribe”) + -tim; the OLD analyses it as formed on ⟨tribūtus⟩ with the adverbial suffix ⟨-im⟩. De Vaan traces tribus to Proto-Italic *triþu- (“tripartite entity”) and…

It is from Latin trēs (“three”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of the numeral, which goes back to Proto-Italic *trejes and Proto-Indo-European *treies (“three”).

It is from Latin tri- (“three”) + pālus (“stake”) + -is. De Vaan derives pālus from an instrument noun built on the root of pangō (“to fix, fasten”).

It is from Latin tri- (“three”) + partītus (“divided”), the perfect participle of partiō (“to share, divide”); it is also spelled ⟨tripart-⟩. De Vaan lists it, from Varro on, among the derivatives…

It is from Latin ululō (“to howl”). De Vaan takes the verb as onomatopoeic, imitating a sound like /u/; a root Proto-Indo-European *ul- or *ulul- may already have existed in Proto-Indo-European, but…

It is from Latin umbra (“shade”) + -culum, or from the verb derived from it, umbrō (“to shade”). De Vaan connects umbra with Lithuanian ùnksna (“shade”) and reconstructs it as *unksrā-, which could…

It is from Latin umbra (“shade, shadow”) + -ō. De Vaan connects umbra with Lithuanian ùnksna (“shade”) and reconstructs a form ⟨*unksrā-⟩, which would have become ⟨*unsrā-⟩, ⟨*unfrā-⟩ and then…

It is formed from Latin unda (“wave”) + -ula + -ātus, that is, from an unattested diminutive *undula (“little wave”) with an adjective suffix.

It is from Latin urceus (“pitcher, jug”) + -olus, a diminutive. The OLD calls urceus a loanword related to Ancient Greek ὕρχη (húrkhē, “jar”), while Wiktionary derives it from orca (“tun, cask”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *ūr-īno- (“watery”), an adjective formed from a noun *ūr(o)- (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *woh₁-r̥ (“water”), a neuter r-stem that de Vaan reconstructs with…

It is from Latin ūrīna. De Vaan takes the sense of the verb as proof that “urine” is a secondary meaning of the noun, whose original sense must have been “water”; he traces the noun to Proto-Italic…

The etymology is disputed. De Vaan tentatively reconstructs Proto-Italic *worw-o- (“plough or furrow”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *u(o)ru-o-, and notes that the first meaning may have been…

It is from Latin ūtilis (“useful”) + -ter. ūtilis comes from ūtor (“to use”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *oit-e/o- (“to use”); he finds attractive the view that it first meant “to fetch…

It is formed from Latin utī (“how, as”) + -que (“and”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of ut, which he traces to Proto-Italic *kʷutV(s) (“how”) and the stem Proto-Indo-European *kʷu-…

It is from Latin vallum (“rampart, palisade”) + -ō. De Vaan reconstructs vallum as Proto-Italic *walso- and compares Greek words for "nail" such as Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”), a connection…

It is probably a diminutive from Latin vannus (“winnowing basket”), formed like scabellum beside scamnum. The OLD and Walde–Hofmann derive it from a pre-form with the cluster /tn/, but de Vaan marks…

It is from Latin vegeō (“to be active, rouse”). De Vaan points out that a short ⟨e⟩ in this position is unexpected in Latin, so the second vowel is at most due to assimilation to the first, from an…

It is from Latin vēlō (“to cover, veil”) + -mentum. The verb comes from vēlum (“sail, cloth, veil”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *wekslo-, perhaps from the root ⟨*weg-⟩ “to weave” found in…

De Vaan lists it among the derivatives, from Latin vellō (“to pluck, pull out”), and reports Stüber's view that it is one of the late s-stem nouns, like pondus (“weight”) beside pendeō (“to hang”)…

It is from Latin vēndō (“to sell”) + -tiō. De Vaan explains vēndō as a shortened vēnum with dō (“to give”), “to give for sale”; vēnum goes back to Proto-Italic *wesno- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin veneror (“to worship, pay homage”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists the verb among the derivatives of venus (“charm, desire”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *wenos- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin ventulus (“light breeze”), a diminutive of ventus (“wind”); the OLD derives the verb directly from that noun. De Vaan traces the noun to Proto-Italic *wē̆nto- and…

It is from Latin vesper (“evening”) + -tīnus. Wiktionary instead gives the suffix as -īnus, with the ⟨t⟩ perhaps from mātūtīnus (“of the morning”). De Vaan traces the noun to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin vīmen (“pliant twig, osier”) + -eus. De Vaan derives vīmen from vieō (“to plait”), tracing it to Proto-Italic *weimn- (“branch for plaiting”) and Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-mn…

It is from Latin viola (“violet; stock”) + -ārium.

It is formed from Latin vītis (“vine”) + -eus.

It is from Latin vitrum (“glass”) + -eus. De Vaan, following Szemerényi, derives the noun from Proto-Italic *wedro- (“glass”) and Proto-Indo-European *ued-ro- (“water-like”), the root of the words…

It is from Latin vocō + -tiō, from the verb vocō “to call, summon”. De Vaan explains vocō as a denominative from the oblique stem of vōx “voice”, which goes back to Proto-Italic *wōkws and…

It is, probably, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind”). It is usually connected with volvō (“to roll, wind”): Köbler refers it to that verb, and de Vaan cross-refers it to his…

It is from Latin camera (“vault, chamber”), a diminutive, with the /r/ of the base assimilated to /l/. camera is itself from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a vault”).

The TLL thinks the origin hard to settle, because the harmless sense of the ⟨colei⟩ of Lanuvium in Cicero's letter is unknown. Some equate it with culleus (“leather bag”) (also culeus), others with…

It is from Latin ēbrius (“drunk”) + -ācus. The OLD and Lewis & Short compare merācus (“undiluted”) from merus (“pure”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that adjective, which goes back to…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + moderātus (“moderate”). The participle is from moderor (“to control, restrain”), which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of modus “measure”.

It is formed from Latin iuvenis (“young”); the OLD suggests it was short for ⟨iuventa aetās⟩, like senecta (“old age”). De Vaan regards iuventūs as the older abstract, and traces ⟨iuvenis⟩ to…

It is formed from Latin largior (“to give freely”) + -tiō. The verb comes from largus (“abundant, generous”), whose origin is uncertain: de Vaan doubts the old derivation from a stem for “fat”…

It is from Latin manus (“hand”) + -ārius. The noun “thief” is formed from the adjective. Etymonline traces Old French maniere and English manner to *manaria, from the feminine of this adjective…

It is from Latin mātrōna (“married woman, matron”) + -ālis; ⟨mātrōna⟩ is from māter (“mother”).

It is from Latin ob (“towards, in front of”), but its formation is disputed. The OLD and Wiktionary take it from ob and iter (“way”), “on the way”, and the grammarian Priscian already called it a…

It is formed from Latin pater (“father”) + -mōnium. De Vaan traces ⟨pater⟩ to Proto-Italic *pater- and Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”), cognate with Oscan patir (“father”), Ancient Greek…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ποδαγρικός (podagrikós, “gouty”). The grammarian Charisius says it is named from a disease of the feet. The related noun is podagra, “gout”.

Used as a noun, it is the plural from Latin pugillāris (“that can be held in the hand”), with libellī understood. pugillāris is formed from pugillus (“handful”), which de Vaan derives from an n-stem…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *marg-en-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *mrǵ-n- (“border”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“boundary”). Cognate with Old Irish mruig (“territory”)…