Latin words first recorded in the 2nd century BC

It is formed from Latin prō (“instead of”) + nōmen (“name, noun”), a calque of Ancient Greek ἀντωνυμία (antōnumía). Isidore of Seville explained that the pronoun is so called because it is put in…

It is from Latin prō- + nūbō (“to marry (of a woman)”) + -us. The grammarian Eutyches already derived it from nūbō. The TLL takes the feminine prōnuba, the woman who served at a wedding, as the…

It is a frequentative from Latin prōpellō (“to drive forward”) + -tō. The verb is a compound of prō- and pellō (“to push, drive”), which de Vaan derives from a nasal present Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin prō- + ruō (“to rush; to fall”). De Vaan lists it under ruō (“to rush”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *rowe/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₃reu-e/o- (“to run, hurry”), comparing…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek προσῳδία (prosōidía, “accent; song sung to music”). The Greek word is formed from πρός (prós, “to, towards”) and ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ψιττακός (psittakós, “parrot”). Köbler takes the Greek word itself to be a loanword from the East.

It is a diminutive, from Latin pūpa (“girl; doll”) + -ula. De Vaan takes that noun, like pūpus (“boy”), as probably a reduplication of the ⟨pū-⟩ found in puer (“boy”), reduplication being common in…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan treats it with pūpa (“girl, doll”): Ernout and Meillet held that the feminine forms were original and the masculine ones occasional derivatives, which he finds…

It is from Latin pūrgō (“to cleanse”) + -mentum. De Vaan, after Dunkel, thinks that pūrgō, early ⟨pūrigāre⟩, contains the word for “fire” rather than pūrus (“clean”), since a compound of the…

It is from Latin putreō (“to be rotten”) + faciō (“to make”), and Wiktionary analyses it as puter (“rotten”) and faciō. Puter goes back to Proto-Italic *putri- (“rotten”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek Πύθων (Púthōn), the name of the huge serpent at Delphi that Apollo killed, probably from Πυθώ (Puthṓ), the older name of Delphi. Köbler leaves its further origin…

It is from Latin quadrangulus (“four-cornered”), its neuter used as a noun. Georges analyses the word as made from quattuor (“four”) and angulus (“corner, angle”).

1. The adjective “battered” is from Latin quatiō (“to shake”), its past participle. De Vaan finds no secure Indo-European etymology for the verb and thinks it may be of non-Indo-European origin. 2…

It is from Latin quīnquāgintā (“fifty”) + -iēns.

It is from Latin quō (“by which”) + circā (“around, about”). De Vaan explains circā as a newer form beside circum, the old accusative of circus (“circle”), which he takes as probably borrowed from…

It is borrowed from Proto-Celtic *reido-: Quintilian names it with petorritum among the Gallic words that won a place in Latin. Wiktionary compares the second element of Proto-Celtic *uɸoreidos…

1. It is the perfect passive participle from Latin rādō (“to scrape, shave”), used as an adjective. 2. It is from Latin rādō (“to scrape”) + -tus, an action noun, with the same meaning as rāsūra.

It is from Latin red- + integrō (“to renew, restore”). That verb comes from integer (“untouched, whole”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *ntagro- (“untouched”), from the root of tangō…

It is from Latin re- + frēnō (“to bridle”), a verb from frēnum (“bridle”). De Vaan traces frēnum to Proto-Italic *frēno- and Proto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-no- (“holding”), linking it with frētus…

It is from Latin rēx (“king”) + -ulus, a diminutive, “little king”. De Vaan traces rēx to Proto-Italic *rēg- (“king”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₃rēǵ-s (“ruler, king”), cognate with Old Irish rí…

It is from Latin re- + lūceō (“to shine”). De Vaan traces lūceō to Proto-Italic *l(o)ukē- (“to be light”) and Proto-Indo-European *luk-eh₁- (“to be light”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *leuk-…

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + mūnerō (“to give, bestow”), and that verb is made from mūnus (“duty; gift”). De Vaan reconstructs that noun as Proto-Italic *moinos- (“duty, obligation, task”) and…

It is from Latin reperiō (“to find”) + -tor. That verb is re- with pariō (“to bring forth, procure”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *par-(e)i- (“to bear; find”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin reprehendō (“to hold back; to blame”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin re- + tegō (“to cover”). De Vaan traces tegō to Proto-Italic *teg-e/o- (“to cover”) and Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”).

Köbler analyses it as from Latin re- + torridus (“parched”); the OLD sees a formation with the prefix on torreō (“to scorch”) and the suffix -idus. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that…

It is from Latin rōs (“dew”) + -idus, with a ⟨-c-⟩ that Wiktionary explains by analogy with mūcidus, sūcidus and viscidus. De Vaan traces rōs to Proto-Italic *rōs (“dew”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin rosa (“rose”) + -eus. The OLD compares Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”), and Wiktionary takes rosa as probably from a variant of the Greek word, perhaps through another Italic…

1. The adjective “red” is from Latin rubeō (“to be red”). Georges and Gaffiot connect it with ruber (“red”), while the OLD treats it as a variant of rōbeus and compares rōbus (“a kind of red”). De…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *saflo-, which de Vaan reconstructs with or without an initial /p/ and also with /þ/ or /b/ in place of /f/. He regards the word as a substrate word, built on a…

It is from Latin sagīna (“fattening”) + -ō. The OLD calls sagīna of unknown origin, and Walde and Köbler unexplained; Wiktionary mentions a possible link with Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to…

It is from Latin sagum (“military cloak”) + -ulum, a diminutive. De Vaan finds no etymology for the base noun; Walde and Hofmann, he notes, considered it a loan from Gaulish.

It is from Latin saliō (“to leap, jump”) + -āx (“inclined to”), so that its first meaning was “fond of leaping”, of a male animal mounting the female. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic…

It is perhaps inherited from Proto-Italic *sal-īwo- (“dirty yellow”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *slH-V- (“dirty yellow”). De Vaan compares Irish sal (“dirt”), Welsh halawg (“dirty”), Old…

It is from Latin sanguis (“blood”) + -olentus (“full of”). De Vaan traces sanguis to Proto-Italic *sangwen-; its first part may continue the oblique stem of the word for “blood”, Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin scandō + -tiō, from the verb meaning “to climb”.

Its origin is disputed. De Vaan treats it under scōpae (“twigs, broom”), from Proto-Italic *skōp-ā-: the Latin word may be borrowed from Ancient Greek σκᾶπος (skâpos, “stick”), a word known from…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σχολαστικός (skholastikós, “at leisure; devoting one's leisure to learning”), from σχολάζω (skholázō, “to have leisure”) and σχολή (skholḗ, “leisure; school”).

It is from Latin sēdulus (“attentive, busy”) + -tās. De Vaan follows Meiser in deriving the adverb sēdulō “sincerely, diligently” from ⟨*sē dolōd⟩ “without guile”, with dolus (“guile”).

It is from Latin sex (“six”) + mēnsis (“month”), with the adjective ending -is. De Vaan counts it among the words in which the cluster /ks/ was lost before a voiced consonant, with lengthening of…

It is formed from Latin seneō (“to be old”) + -scō, the inchoative suffix. De Vaan lists it with senex (“old man”), from Proto-Italic *seno- (“old”) and Proto-Indo-European *sen-(o-) (“old”)…

It is formed from Latin septimus + -ānus, from septimus (“seventh”). Through septem (“seven”) it goes back to Proto-Italic *septmo- and Proto-Indo-European *s(e)ptm-ó- (“seventh”).

It is from Latin sextus (“sixth”) + -ula: the feminine ⟨sexta⟩, understood with ⟨pars⟩ “part”, with a diminutive suffix. De Vaan traces sextus to Proto-Italic *seks-to-, the ordinal of *seks (“six”).

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan lists it with silex (“flint”), but rejects the older derivation of both by dissimilation from an older ⟨skelik-⟩, and doubts that the flint word is related at all…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σιρός (sirós, “pit for storing grain”), also spelled σειρός (seirós). In Greek it is a technical word without an etymology, which Beekes takes to be Pre-Greek; the…

It is from Latin sōlitās (“loneliness”) + -ārius, and that noun comes from sōlus (“alone”). Lewis & Short and VOLI derive it directly from the adjective. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of…

It is from Latin speculor (“to watch, spy out”) + -tor. The verb comes from specula (“lookout post”) and ultimately speciō (“to look”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *spekje/o- and…

It is a derivative from Latin spīna (“thorn, prickle”). De Vaan lists it as a variant of the base found in Varro. The base goes back to Proto-Italic *speinā- and Proto-Indo-European *spein-, and de…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *spū̆-je/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sp(i)uH-ie/o- (“to spit”). De Vaan counts it among the reflexes of an onomatopoeic Indo-European formation for…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *stāmen, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂mn̥, from *steh₂- (“to stand”), the root of stō (“to stand”) and sistō. Cognate with Ancient Greek στήμων (stḗmōn…

It is from Latin stō (“to stand”) + -īvus. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that verb.

It is a verb from Latin stīlla (“drop”) + -ō. Wiktionary takes stīlla for a probable diminutive of stīria (“frozen drop, icicle”), and compares Ancient Greek στίλη (stílē, “tiny particle, drop”).

It is from Latin stīpō (“to crowd, press together”) + -tor. De Vaan traces stīpō to Proto-Italic *stei/īpo- and Proto-Indo-European *steip-o- (“stiff, erect”). Cognate with Lithuanian stìpti (“to…

It is from Latin stipulor (“to exact a formal promise”) + -tiō. The OLD takes that verb apparently from stipula (“straw”), perhaps after a symbolic breaking of straws. De Vaan agrees that the verb…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *stel-ōn- or *stol-ōn-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *stel-n- (“shoot, stem”). De Vaan finds a matching noun in Armenian and a few Greek nouns of similar form…

It is an action noun formed from Latin sternō (“to spread, strew”) + -tus, built like the past participle ⟨strātus⟩ of the same verb. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of sternō, whose present…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD derives it, with a “perhaps”, from a form ⟨*strig-ia⟩ and refers to stringō. In Wiktionary's view it is inherited from Proto-Italic *strig-jā, from what looks like a…

It is from Latin sub- (“under, slightly”) + rīdeō (“to laugh”). De Vaan finds no good Indo-European etymology for rīdeō.

It is from Latin sub- (“under”) + secō (“to cut”). De Vaan lists it among the compounds of the simple verb, which goes back to Proto-Italic *sekaje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *sekh₁-ie/o- (“to cut…

The origin is unknown.