Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin sub- (“under”) + texō (“to weave”). De Vaan traces texō to Proto-Italic *tekse/o- and Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-s- (“to fashion”), comparing Hittite takš-zi (“to devise, undertake”)…

It is from Latin subtīlis (“fine, precise”) + -ter. De Vaan derives subtīlis from ⟨*subtēli-⟩, formed like tēla (“web on the loom”) from the root of texō (“to weave”), which goes back to…

It is from Latin sub- + vehō (“to carry”). De Vaan traces vehō to Proto-Italic *weχ-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to carry”).

It is from Latin sub- (“under, from below”) + quatiō (“to shake”).

It is the perfect passive participle from Latin suēscō (“to become accustomed”). De Vaan traces suēscō to Proto-Italic *swē(þ)-sk-e/o- and a phrase Proto-Indo-European *sue(h₁-)dʰh₁- (“to make one's…

It is from Latin sub- + mergō (“to dip, plunge”). De Vaan traces mergō to Proto-Italic *mezge/o- and Proto-Indo-European *mesg-e/o- (“to sink, wash”). Cognate with Sanskrit मज्जन्ति (májjanti, “they…

It is probably from Latin super (“above”) + -ne, with the suffix of pōne (“behind”); the adjective supernus was made from it later. De Vaan traces super to Proto-Italic *super(i) (“above”) and…

It is from Latin supernē (“above, from above”), probably a back-formation. De Vaan agrees, and thinks the adverb contains a suffix ⟨-ne⟩, as in pōne (“behind”); the base super (“above”) goes back to…

It is formed from Latin tangō (“to touch”) + -ilis, on the stem of the participle tāctus.

It is formed from Latin tangō (“to touch”) + -tus of action nouns. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *tang- and the nasal present Proto-Indo-European *th₂-n-g- (“to touch”), cognate with…

It is from Latin tegō (“to cover”) + -men. De Vaan traces tegō to Proto-Italic *teg-e/o- (“to cover”) and Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-e/o- (“to cover”). Cognate with Ancient Greek στέγω (stégō, “to…

De Vaan takes it as a petrified form of the s-stem noun ⟨tenus⟩ “snare”, Proto-Italic *tenos- (“snare, stretch”), from Latin teneō (“to hold”), on the root, Proto-Indo-European *ten-os- (“stretch”)…

It is formed from Latin terō (“to rub”) + -es, after the model of hebes. De Vaan lists it under that verb, which he traces to Proto-Italic *tera- and Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub”). The OLD…

It is from Latin terra (“earth, land”) + -ēnus. De Vaan derives terra from Proto-Italic *tersā- (“earth”) and Proto-Indo-European *ters-h₂- (“dry land”), from the root ⟨*ters-⟩ “to dry out”, so that…

It is formed from Latin terrificus + -ō, from terrificus (“frightening”).

It is from Latin terra (“earth”) + -gena (“born”), with the second part from gignō (“to beget, bear”). De Vaan derives ⟨terra⟩ from Proto-Italic *tersā- (“earth”) and Proto-Indo-European *ters-h₂-…

It is from Latin texō (“to weave”) + -ilis, formed on ⟨text-⟩, the stem of the perfect passive participle. De Vaan traces texō to Proto-Italic *tekse/o- and Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-s- (“to fashion”).

The origin is uncertain. The OLD calls it onomatopoeic and compares Ancient Greek τιτθός (titthós). Wiktionary gives it as either imitative of the sound of giggling or a reduplicated form made from…

It is from Latin torreō (“to scorch, parch”), its present participle. The OLD notes that it is not clear how the sense “rushing” comes from that verb; de Vaan cites Weiss, who explains it as the…

It is from Latin tremō (“to tremble”) + -ēscō (“inchoative suffix”). De Vaan traces the simple verb to Proto-Italic *trem-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *tr(e)m- (“to tremble”), and compares Ancient…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek τρίπους (trípous, “three-footed; tripod”). The Greek word is an adjective meaning “three-footed”, formed from τρεῖς (treîs, “three”) and πούς (poús, “foot”).

Its second part is from Latin caedō (“to cut, kill”). Wiktionary and de Vaan explain it as a shortened ⟨*trucicīdō⟩ from trux (“savage”) and ⟨caedō⟩, “to hack savagely”; the OLD and de Vaan also…

It is from Latin tūs (“incense”) + cremō (“to burn”) + -us. De Vaan takes cremō to be probably a denominative verb, whose further connections are unclear.

It is from Latin turma (“troop of horsemen”) + -ātim. The origin of turma is unclear: de Vaan says it may or may not be related to turba (“crowd”), and if so both could be loanwords rendering a…

It is from Latin turris (“tower”) + -ītus. The noun turris is a loan of Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) or its variant τύρσις (túrsis); the OLD compares Oscan tiurrí. Wiktionary considers the Greek…

It is from Latin ultimus (“farthest, last”), its neuter used as a noun and an adverb. De Vaan traces ⟨ultimus⟩ to Proto-Italic *oltamo- (“most to that side”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-tm̥Ho-…

It is from Latin ūmectus (“moist, wet”) + -ō, also spelled ⟨hūm-⟩. The adjective belongs with ūmeō “to be moist”, which goes back to Proto-Italic *ūmo- (“wet”); de Vaan follows Weiss in deriving…

It is from Latin ūnus (“one”) + -ter. De Vaan traces the numeral to Proto-Italic *oino- and Proto-Indo-European *Hoi-no- (“one”). Cognate with Ancient Greek οἰνή (oinḗ, “one (at dice)”) and Old…

According to the OLD it is from Latin vacuus (“empty”) + fīō (“to become”), comparing vacuēfaciō (“to make empty”). Wiktionary thinks it more likely to come from a lost stative verb *vacēō (“to be…

It is from Latin vāgiō (“to cry, wail”) + -tus. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of vāgiō, whose etymology he calls uncertain: he gives a doubtful reconstruction Proto-Italic *wāg-ije/o- and…

It is from Latin valeō (“to be strong, be well”) + -ēscō, an inchoative. De Vaan traces valeō to Proto-Italic *wal-ē- and Proto-Indo-European *h2ulh1-eh1- (“to be strong”).

It is from Latin variāns (“varying”) + -ia, from the present participle of variō (“to vary”), which is formed from varius (“various”). De Vaan finds no convincing origin for varius.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *werg-e/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂uerg- (“to turn”). It is cognate with Hittite hurki- (“wheel”), Sanskrit वृणक्ति (vṛṇákti, “turns, wards off”) and…

It is from Latin vērus (“true”) + -dicus (“saying”), with the second part from dīcō (“to say”). De Vaan derives ⟨vērus⟩ from Proto-Italic *wēro- and Proto-Indo-European *ueh₁-ro- (“true”). Cognate…

It is formed from Latin versō + -ilis, from the frequentative of vertō (“to turn”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of ⟨vertō⟩, whose present goes back to Proto-Italic *wert-e/o- and…

De Vaan derives it from Proto-Italic *wib-ro- (“trembling, swinging”), an adjective, from Proto-Indo-European *uip/b-ro-, related to Sanskrit विप्र (vípra, “trembling; seer”) and Sanskrit वेपते…

It is from Latin viduus (“bereft, deprived”) + -ō. Viduus goes back to Proto-Italic *wiþowo- and Proto-Indo-European *h1ui-dhh1-eu-o- (“separated”). It is cognate with Sanskrit विधवा (vidhávā…

It is from Latin vireō (“to be green, flourish”) + -scō, an inchoative verb meaning “to begin to be green”.

It is from Latin virgō (“girl, maiden”) + -eus. The origin of virgō is unclear: Walde and Hofmann took it as made from virga (“twig, rod”), and a proposed compound “young woman” is rejected by de…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *wedro- (“glass”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed-ro- (“water-like”), as Szemerényi proposed after a Middle Iranian parallel in which the word for glass comes from…

It is from Latin volō (“to fly”) + -ātilis.

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin abscondō (“to hide, conceal”). That verb is made of abs- (“away”) and condō (“to put away, store”), one of the compounds in…

It is from Latin accommodō (“to fit, adapt”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin ambitiō (“canvassing for office”) + -ōsus. De Vaan lists ⟨ambitiō⟩ under eō (“to go”), beside ambiō (“to go round; to solicit”), from ambi- and ⟨eō⟩, which goes back to…

It is from Latin āmittō (“to let go, lose”) + -tiō. āmittō is a compound of ā (“away from”) and mittō (“to send, let go”).

It is from Latin amplificō (“to enlarge”) + -tiō, a noun of action. That verb is made from amplus (“large”) and the combining form of faciō (“to make”). De Vaan derives amplus from Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin amplus (“large, ample”) + -tūdō. De Vaan derives ⟨amplus⟩ from Proto-Italic *am-lo- (“seizable”), from a root Proto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃- (“to grab”), with /ml/ becoming /mpl/ as…

It is formed from Latin angustus (“narrow”) + -ia. De Vaan derives angustus from an s-stem noun, Proto-Italic *angos- “narrowness”, from the root of angō (“to squeeze, choke”), Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin anxius (“anxious, worried”) + -ē, an adverb formed from the adjective. The adjective comes from angō (“to squeeze, distress”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *ange/o- and…

It is from Latin appetō (“to reach after, desire eagerly”) + -tiō. That verb is formed from ad (“to, towards”) and petō (“to make for, seek”), which de Vaan traces to a root meaning “to fly”.

It is in origin the past participle of attonō (“to stun, stupefy”), a verb formed from Latin ad- + tonō (“to thunder”). Wiktionary traces ⟨tonō⟩ through Proto-Italic *tonaō to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin bipertītus (“divided into two parts”), with the adverbial ending ⟨-ō⟩; it is also spelled ⟨bipart-⟩. That adjective, recorded from Varro on, is made of bi- (“two”) and partītus…

It is from Latin brevis (“short”) + -tās. De Vaan traces brevis to Proto-Italic *mreχ-u(-i-) and Proto-Indo-European *mr̥ǵʰ-ú- (“short”), an old ⟨u⟩-stem adjective enlarged with ⟨*i⟩ in Latin…

It is from Latin carpō (“to pluck”) + -tim. De Vaan derives carpō from Proto-Italic *karp- and Proto-Indo-European *kerp- (“to pick, pluck”), cognate with Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “fruit”) and…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros, “cedar, juniper”), a Greek word of uncertain origin; Köbler compares a root Proto-Indo-European *ked- (“to smoke”). The TLL and Wiktionary compare…

It is formed from Latin celer (“swift”) + -tās. De Vaan traces celer to Proto-Italic *keli- and Proto-Indo-European *kel-i- (“speeding”), cognate with Ancient Greek κέλομαι (kélomai, “to urge on”)…

It is from Latin circum- + gradior (“to step, walk”). De Vaan traces gradior to Proto-Italic *grad-(e)i-.

It is from Latin clāmor (“shout”) + -ōsus, or Wiktionary's analysis, a noun *klāmo- underlying the verb clāmō, with the same suffix. Isidore of Seville explained it as if it were ⟨calamōsus⟩, from…

It is formed from Latin cognātus (“related by blood”) + -tiō, beside nātiō (“birth, people”). ⟨Cognātus⟩ comes from nāscor (“to be born”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *gnāsk-e/o- (“to be…

It is from Latin cognōscō (“to get to know”) + -tor, an agent noun. Lewis & Short explain the legal sense from one who has become familiar with a case.