Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin con- + hērēs (“heir”).

It is from Latin cohortor (“to encourage, exhort”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin concēdō (“to yield, grant”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin conqueror (“to complain, bewail”) + -tiō, a noun of action. De Vaan lists that verb under queror (“to complain”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *kʷes-e/o-. Walde and Hofmann…

It is from Latin cōnsīderō (“to examine, consider”), its perfect participle used as an adjective. De Vaan connects the verb with sīdus (“star, constellation”): following Rix and Nyman, he takes the…

It is from Latin contemnō (“to despise”) + -tor. De Vaan regards contemnō as older than the simple temnō, which was back-formed from it. Its further origin is disputed: he weighs Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin contineō (“to hold together, contain”), its present participle, used as an adjective. The verb is from con- (“together”) and teneō (“to hold”), which de Vaan derives from…

It is from Latin cōpia (“abundance”) + -ōsus. De Vaan lists ⟨cōpia⟩ under ops (“power, wealth”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *opi- and Proto-Indo-European *h₃e/op-(i-) (“ability, force”)…

It is from Latin con- + rōborō (“to strengthen”). The verb comes from rōbur (“oak; strength”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *rouþos (“red substance”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁reudh-os…

It is from Latin crīminor (“to accuse”) + -tiō. crīminor is made from crīmen (“charge, accusation”), which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of cernō (“to sift, decide”), from Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin damnō (“to condemn”) + -tiō. The verb is from damnum (“loss, penalty”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Italic *dapno- and Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂p-no- (“expense…

It is from Latin dēfatīgō (“to tire out”) + -tiō (“action noun suffix”). The verb is a compound of dē- and fatīgō (“to weary”), which de Vaan, following Dunkel, explains from a noun Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off, defend”) + -tiō, a noun of action. dēfendō is made from Latin dē- + *fendō (“to strike”); the simple verb, also found in offendō, goes back to…

It is from Latin dehonestō (“to disgrace”) + -mentum. De Vaan derives honestus (“honourable”) and honestō (“to honour”) from honōs (“honour”), for which no further etymology is known.

It is formed from Latin dēnōminō + -tiō.

It is formed from Latin dē- + nōminō (“to name”). The verb nōminō comes from nōmen (“name”).

It is from Latin dēsidia (“idleness”) + -ōsus, and dēsidia is from dēsideō (“to sit idle”), made of dē and sedeō (“to sit”). De Vaan traces sedeō to Proto-Italic *sed-ē- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is a frequentative verb, from Latin dēspiciō (“to look down on”), formed like spectō (“to watch”). De Vaan lists dēspiciō among the compounds of speciō (“to look”), which goes back to…

It is from Latin dē- + vocō (“to call”). De Vaan explains vocō as a denominative from the stem of vōx (“voice”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *wōkʷs and Proto-Indo-European *uōkʷs (“voice”)…

It is from Latin diffundō (“to pour out, spread”), its participle used as an adjective. That verb is made of dis- and fundō (“to pour”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *χund- and…

It is from Latin dīmicō (“to fight”) + -tiō. The verb dīmicō is made from micō (“to dart, flicker”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *mikaje- and Proto-Indo-European *mikH-(e)ie- (“to blink”)…

It is from Latin disquīrō (“to inquire into”) + -tiō, a noun of action. That verb is a compound of dis- and quaerō (“to seek”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kwai-s-e/o-; he thinks the best…

It is from Latin dissimulō (“to disguise, conceal”) + -tor. The verb is ultimately from similis “like”, which goes back to Proto-Italic *semali- (“alike, together”).

It is from Latin dissolvō (“to break up, dissolve”) + -tiō. dissolvō is a compound of dis- and solvō (“to loosen”), which de Vaan explains as a compound of ⟨*se-⟩ “away” and luō (“to loosen”).

It is from Latin dīs (“rich”) + -ō, a verb made from the contracted adjective, the stem ⟨dīt-⟩ of dīves (“rich”). De Vaan explains dīves as probably derived from dīvus (“divine”), as…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin ēligō (“to pick out, choose”). ēligō is formed from ex- and legō (“to gather, choose”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *leg-e- and…

It is from Latin ēloquor (“to speak out”) + -tiō. The verb is made from ex- and loquor (“to speak”).

It is from Latin ex- + natō (“to swim”). The simple verb natō was built on an old past participle, Proto-Italic *(s)nato- (“bathed”), of nō (“to swim”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek γραμματικός (grammatikós, “of letters, grammatical”), from γράμμα (grámma, “letter”), from γράφω (gráphō, “to write”). The noun “grammarian” is the adjective used…

It is from Latin hilarus (“cheerful”) + -tās, from the adjective also found as hilaris. The adjective is from Ancient Greek ἱλαρός (hilarós, “cheerful, merry”), from ἵλαος (hílaos, “propitious…

It is formed from Latin in- + lūminō (“to light up”). The verb lūminō comes from lūmen (“light”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *louksmən and Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥.

It is from Latin imperītus (“inexperienced”) + -ia. imperītus is the negative of perītus (“experienced, skilled”), which de Vaan files with experior and reperiō under pariō, tracing the family to…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + portuōsus (“having many harbours”), or, as the OLD analyses it, portus (“harbour”) with the negative prefix and the suffix ⟨-ōsus⟩. That noun goes back to Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin incolumis (“unharmed, safe”) + -tās. De Vaan derives ⟨incolumis⟩ from Proto-Italic *n-kalami- (“safe”), from Proto-Indo-European *n-klh2emi- (“not beaten, undamaged”), the…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + cruentus (“bloody”). cruentus comes from cruor (“blood”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kruwōs (“blood”) and Proto-Indo-European *kruh₂-ōs (“blood”), comparing…

It is from Latin indūcō (“to lead in, introduce”) + -tiō. In logic and rhetoric it renders Ancient Greek ἐπαγωγή (epagōgḗ).

It is from Latin īnfāns (“unable to speak; child”) + -ia. īnfāns is in- (“not”) and the participle of fārī (“to speak”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *fā- (“to speak”) and…

It is from Latin īnfitior (“to deny”) + -tiō, a verb made from the phrase ⟨īnfitiās īre⟩ “to deny”. De Vaan suggests that the noun behind that phrase may continue ⟨*in-fato-⟩ “unsaid”, from the…

It is formed from Latin ingenium (“natural character, talent”) + -ōsus. ⟨ingenium⟩ is from in- (“in”) and the root of gignō (“to beget”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to…

It is from Latin iniūria (“injustice, wrong”) + -ōsus. The TLL allows that it may be formed from iniūrius (“unjust”) instead, and compares periūriōsus.

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + quiēs (“rest”); for the adjective the OLD compares inquiētus (“restless”). De Vaan traces quiēs to Proto-Italic *kʷiē-ti- and Proto-Indo-European *kʷieh₁-ti- (“rest…

It is from Latin īnsidior (“to lie in wait”) + -tor.

It is from Latin īnsolēns (“unaccustomed; haughty”) + -scō, a more recent derivative of that adjective, which goes back to in- (“not”) and soleō (“to be accustomed”). In this older view the sense…

It is formed from Latin instīgō (“to urge on, incite”) + -tiō.

1. The adjective “equipped” is the past participle from Latin īnstruō (“to build, arrange, equip”). The verb is made from in- and struō (“to pile up, build”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + tēctus (“covered”), the negative prefix with the participle of tegō (“to cover”). De Vaan traces that verb to Proto-Italic *teg-e/o- (“to cover”) and…

It is from Latin in- + tūtus (“safe, protected”).

It is formed from Latin invertō (“to turn upside down, invert”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin irrītō (“to provoke”) + -mentum. De Vaan takes irrītō as probably a verb made from Proto-Italic *rīto- (“stirred”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃riH-to- (“whirled, stirred”), and…

It is formed from Latin iterō + -tiō, from the verb meaning “to repeat, do again”. iterō is made from the adverb iterum (“again”), which de Vaan traces back to Proto-Italic *itero- (“the other”) and…

It is from Latin iūstus (“just, lawful”) + -ē. De Vaan derives iūstus from iūs (“law, right”), whose old form is seen in the Forum inscription's ⟨iouestod⟩, and traces iūs to an s-stem Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin laudō (“to praise”) + -bilis. The verb is from laus (“praise”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *lau(V)d-; the only connection proposed is with the Germanic word for song, as…

It is from Latin laudō (“to praise”) + -tor. The verb laudō is made from laus (“praise”), whose origin is uncertain: the only proposed link is with Germanic words for “song”, as Gothic 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌸…

It is from Latin meditor (“to think over, practise”) + -tiō. De Vaan derives meditor, probably, from an old participle *meditos of medeor in an older sense “to give judgement”, so that the verb…

It is formed from Latin mītigō (“to soften, soothe”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin mūnificus (“generous”) + -ia, formed on the stem ⟨mūnificent-⟩ like magnificentia. mūnificus is a compound of mūnus (“duty, gift”) and faciō (“to make”). De Vaan traces mūnus to…

It is formed from Latin nāvigō (“to sail”) + -ium, as rēmigium is from rēmigō. The verb comes from nāvis (“ship”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *neh₂-u- (“ship”), probably “the…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek νομάς (nomás), plural νομάδες (nomádes), a word meaning “roaming the pasture” that Beekes derives from νομή (nomḗ, “pasture”) or νομός (nomós, “pasture”), from νέμω…

It is from Latin optimus (“best”) + -ās, formed like summās and prīmās.

It is formed from Latin orior (“to rise”) + -tus. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *or-i- (“to rise”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₃r-i- (“to rise”), cognate with Umbrian ortom (“arisen”) and…